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Mood (Affective) Disorders
Published in Bernat-N. Tiffon, Atlas of Forensic and Criminal Psychology, 2022
We need to assess the lethality (method) and the rescuability of the individual’s suicidal behavior. Determining these two aspects will allow us to determine an individual’s likelihood of simulating the suicidal behavior, as well as the danger and/or future risk of committing suicide.
Injury Prevention
Published in James M. Rippe, Manual of Lifestyle Medicine, 2021
Suicidal behavior is part of a larger individual public health category entitled “Self-Directed Violence” (SDV). This includes a variety of violent behaviors, including acts of fatal and non-fatal suicidal behavior and non-suicidal intentional self-harm. In 2016, suicide was the tenth leading cause of death overall in the United States and the second leading cause of death among persons in their 20s and 30s. There are an estimated 500,000 visits to U.S. hospital emergency departments each year for self-directed violence (15,16). Many individuals who engage in suicidal behavior never seek health services. Risk factors for suicidal behavior include substance use disorders, personality disorders, history of prior suicide attempts, physical illness, pain, socioeconomic issues (e.g., poverty and unemployment), family problems, relationship and intimate partner problems, socialized isolation, and easy access to lethal means among those who are at risk.
Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Published in Jay A. Goldstein, Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, 2020
The physician must be alert for the CFS patient with borderline personality or a related severe “character” disorder. Most practices can handle only two or three such patients at one time, but borderline personality, which is probably a limbic disorder, seems to be overrepresented in the CFS population, even though this diagnosis still applies to a small minority of CFS patients. A borderline patient may demonstrate lability of affect, idealization and denigration of his physician, and intense anger. Suicidal behavior is common. These traits are seen in chronic illness to a certain extent, but are greatly magnified with the borderline CFS patient.
Rethinking Suicide
Published in Psychiatry, 2023
Dr. Bryan still advocates for screening. He also advocates for providing the most evidence-based treatments possible to individuals who we can identify as being at risk for suicide. He discusses several treatments which have evidence showing they are better than standard models of psychotherapy at reducing the risk of suicide attempts and death by suicide. These treatments, most prominently dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention, focus on helping individuals “find the brakes” when experiencing intense emotional distress. Evidence based treatments for suicide prevention focus on emotional regulation and on skill building in broadening perspective to remember reasons for living while in distress. These treatments have been shown to reduce suicidal behavior between 20% and 50% compared to other psychotherapies. If these therapies were practiced routinely, it is estimated they could reduce the rate of death by suicide by 15% to 22%. However, these therapies only succeed if patients in need are able to access them. That requires both a change in training and practice for behavioral health providers, and new perspectives on screening individuals to identify those in need of care.
College extracurricular involvement as a suicide prevention and wellness promotion strategy: Exploring the roles of social support and meaning
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Shannon Boone, Kaitlyn R. Schuler, Natasha Basu, Phillip N. Smith
The primary resource available to students experiencing mental health issues, including depression and suicide ideation and non-fatal suicidal behavior, are college counseling centers. Counseling center providers alleviate symptoms, resolve crises, and facilitate wellness for distressed students6 via clinical interventions.9–11 Although clinical interventions are beneficial for college students experiencing mental health problems and/or suicidality, interventions developed exclusively for high-risk individuals may provide little in the way of broad impact.12 Rather, a public health approach that addresses primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention is required to reach individuals at various stages of the risk spectrum.6 Compared to tertiary prevention (i.e., clinical interventions targeting those who have already become depressed and/or at risk for suicide), primary and secondary prevention target these problems in the entire population and potentially vulnerable groups, respectively. By addressing larger groups of people, primary and secondary prevention approaches may reduce the potential for mental health distress and suicide ideation and behavior by targeting risk factors upstream. To date, the majority of research on campus primary and secondary prevention approaches has focused on gatekeeper training. 13 There is less emphasis on other prevention approaches that could amplify wellness and lower rates of suicide ideation (thinking about suicide) and behaviors (e.g., preparing for suicide).
Grassroots collaborations to address the trauma of suicide: Establishing the first suicide prevention lifeline in the republic of Armenia
Published in International Journal of Mental Health, 2022
A. Kalayjian, K. Huang, S. Sabbour, M. Yasin
Suicide continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide (McLoughlin et al., 2015). Suicidal behavior includes suicidal ideations, plans, or attempts, which can all contribute to risk for complications and subsequent attempts (Stein et al., 2010). It has become a major public health concern for adolescents, with it being the second leading cause of mortality in the U.S. for teenagers between 15 and 19 years of age (Ahmed et al., 2017). Across New Zealand, Australia, and Canada, a similar pattern of high suicidality has been found among indigenous youth (McLoughlin et al., 2015). Risk factors for suicide in both developed and developing countries include female sex, younger age, lower education level, lower-income, unmarried status, unemployment, and adverse childhood experiences (Borges et al., 2010). Individuals with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other co-morbid health conditions are also at higher risk for suicide and other poor health outcomes (Collins et al., 2013). The World Health Organization recognizes suicide as a critical public health issue internationally, with the goal to develop national suicide prevention strategies including lifelines (Naghavi, 2018).