China
Africa
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Women, health, and healing: a theoretical introduction
Published in Ellen Lewin, Virginia Olesen, Women, Health, and Healing, 2022
Finally, some awareness of how women's health issues emerge in a sociocultural context can surmount the tendency to regard certain features of women's health careers as deriving from a "natural" moral foundation. Any policy which relates to gender issues, of course, carries implications of "naturalness," but it is precisely the necessity to avoid labelling women's health issues as emergent from nature that is at issue here. Evers' chapter on the recruitment of female relatives, particularly daughters, to the care of the frail elderly in general, and frail elderly females in particular, shows clearly that culturally mediated notions of naturalness can be very costly and burdensome for women. However, Evers argues that most policies do not recognize the substance of this burden and in fact base continuation of current programs on an underlying assumption of what is "right, proper, and natural."
Adherence to Medication: A Review of Existing Research
Published in Lynn B. Myers, Kenny Midence, Adherence to Treatment in Medical Conditions, 2020
This approach focuses on patients’ beliefs and the sociocultural context in which they occur. It draws on a range of theoretical models, commonly referred to as social cognition models (SCMs), which attempt to explain health-related behaviours in relation to specific cognitions (Conner and Norman, 1996; Stroebe and Stroebe, 1995). These include expectancy-value models such as the Health Belief Model (HBM; e.g. Rosenstock, 1974), the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA; Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980) and its revision the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1985) in which the decision whether or not to follow treatment advice is based on the patient’s expectations of what the treatment will achieve and the value which they place upon it. In contrast, Leventhal’s self-regulatory theory or model (SRM; Leventhal, Meyer and Nerenz, 1980) views adherence as the product of a dynamic interaction between patients experience of and beliefs about the illness, their emotional reaction to it and their appraisal of the impact of adherence/non-adherence on their well-being. (For a description of this model see Chapter 2).
Psychological Disorders
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Conclusion: because of difficulties defining a specific set of behaviors that everyone, everywhere, will agree to consider as abnormality, and as no single criterion or perspective is entirely adequate in identifying abnormality, it is appropriate to combine aspects of different perspectives. Thus, the person’s behavior, emotional reaction, and the consequences of the behavior of that person are to be considered within the sociocultural context of the person. The effect of age, gender, and culture, as well as the effect of a particular situation and the historical era in which people live should be considered to define what is appropriate when defining the words “appropriate,” “expected,” and “functional” behavior.
Advancing Health Equity through Substance Use Research
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2021
Caravella McCuistian, Kathy Burlew, Adriana Espinosa, Lesia M. Ruglass, Tanya Sorrell
Decades of research have highlighted the influence of social and contextual factors on the initiation, misuse, and recovery from substances (Sudhinaraset, Wigglesworth, and Takeuchi 2016). Social and contextual factors cut across domains of influence including the sociocultural context (e.g., social networks, parental education, family functioning, and child-caregiver interactions), the physical/built environment (e.g., neighborhood/community level poverty, income, and resources) and access to quality health care and educational systems (Galea, Nandi, and Vlahov 2004; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities 2021). Social and contextual factors often add to or interact with individual level factors (e.g., race/ethnicity, immigration/nativity, trauma exposure) to amplify risk and/or protection from substance misuse and may accumulate and change over time (Molina, Alegría, and Nan Chen 2012; Thomas 2007).
Internalized homophobia and sexual risk behavior among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in Israel
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2020
Shahar Michael, Varda Soskolne
Several specific overarching points need to be addressed in all social work interventions. First, the aging of the HIVI-MSM comes as a positive outcome of the prevalent use of ART. The mean age of our participants was about 40 years, and 10% were over 50 years of age (data not shown). As in HIVI-MSM in other countries, social workers are expected to gain additional professional knowledge and skills on how to incorporate treatment of aging issues into their practice (Eaton et al., 2017). Second, while social work draws on a common body of knowledge, an established set of professional skills, and a universal code of values, the interventions are to be rooted in cultural competence and adapted to the specific sociocultural context of HIVI-MSM (Acevedo, 2008). This calls for intervention techniques adapted for younger HIVI-MSM, using social network media, smartphone applications, online therapy, etc. Third, the implications for practice are not specific to the HIV/AIDS social work specialist, as social workers in many community social and health services face care for HIVI-MSM, the changing psychosocial and behavioral issues in HIV/AIDS should be incorporated into all levels of social work education.
A qualitative examination of barriers against effective medical education and practices related to breastfeeding promotion and support in Lebanon
Published in Medical Education Online, 2020
Sara Moukarzel, Christoforos Mamas, Antoine Farhat, Antoine Abi Abboud, Alan J Daly
Not only were the institutional barriers evident, but the sociocultural context seemed highly influential on physician practices. Perhaps unsurprisingly, many interns noted that women’s decisions to initiate or discontinue breastfeeding are largely explained by the support, or lack thereof, from people close to them. This social pressure, documented by others in Lebanon as well [16,22,23], is perceived by interns as a roadblock and several worried that promoting health practices against the social norms might have repercussions on their careers. We propose the undergraduate curriculum begins to focus on and foster resilience skills against such and other social pressures [33], especially when social norms have the potential to impact ethical clinical practices. Indeed, consistent with others [14], ethical concerns were also raised about pediatricians and OBGYN’s receiving financial incentives from infant formula companies to promote their products. While law reinforcement aspects of breastfeeding support are beyond our area of expertise, the undergraduate medical curriculum might help alleviate this barrier by disseminating knowledge about relevant laws and regulations and by emphasizing medical ethics.