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Characterization of Uncertainty
Published in Samuel C. Morris, Cancer Risk Assessment, 2020
How to deal with uncertainty is also a key element of cancer risk management. Risk managers, however, can do no better in dealing with uncertainty than the information provided them on uncertainty in risk assessments. Risk assessments which do not include consideration of uncertainty are a disservice to risk management. An analysis indicating that a given technology, industrial process, or food causes some number of cancers can have a disrupting effect on society. Resulting market, political, and regulatory actions can involve large economic cost and further social disruption. While there is a responsibility to avoid or limit environmental cancer, starting the process in motion without an adequate examination of the uncertainties associated with the results is irresponsible. Further reasons for trying to develop estimates of uncertainty in risk assessments are listed in Table 13-1.
Psychiatric Emergencies in Personality Disorders
Published in R. Thara, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Emergencies in Psychiatry in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2017
According to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD 10), a personality disorder is a severe disturbance in the characterological, constitutional, and behavioral tendencies of an individual, and usually involves several areas of the personality (WHO 1992). It is nearly always associated with considerable personal and social disruption. The disturbance is present for a good period of time. Personality disorders tend to appear in late childhood or adolescence and continue to manifest during adulthood. It is therefore unlikely that a diagnosis of personality disorder will be appropriate before the age of 16 or 17 years.
Introduction
Published in Michael Bury, Health and Illness in a Changing Society, 2013
In chapter 4 the changing patterns of health and illness are illustrated by examining medical sociology's contribution to the study of chronic illness and disability. In this context, the meaning of illness alongside studies of the social patterning of disability has received particular attention, complementing work on lay health beliefs. The impact of symptoms on daily activities and the wider implications of chronic disorders have been studied in some detail in a range of specific disorders. The social disruption associated with such illness has been the focus of much enquiry, as have the efforts lay people make to maintain normal life. These often involve considerable levels of negotiation and self-management techniques. Recently, this approach has been challenged by disability activists who have criticised both medical and sociological research — the former for medicalising disability and the latter for underestimating the conflictual nature of disability experience in modern societies. The nature of the debate currently being conducted between medical sociologists and disability activists also raises issues concerning the nature of the research process, and is discussed in the latter part of the chapter.
The psychological impact of the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: The moderating role of gender and emotion regulation
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Angelo Panno, Annalisa Theodorou, Chiara Massullo, Gregory N. Bratman, Claudio Imperatori, Giuseppe A. Carbone, James J. Gross
Taken together, these results are helpful to policymakers working to promote women’s health, a topic that necessitates substantial attention during this historical period. Indeed, the COVID-19 pandemic and its related sequelae have exacerbated social inequities, including those related to gender. Although the course of the pandemic is nearing the end at the time of writing, it is possible to imagine that the social disruption caused by it will persist. In these times of adjustment that will follow the heart of the pandemic’s spread, it seems reasonable to expect that women will need additional support. With our results, we support the potential of developing specific training [that can be held online, as suggested by some scholars in recent studies (e.g., Carbone et al., 2022; K. Wang et al., 2021)] aimed to promote the development and accessibility of reappraisal strategies for women. Providing education related to these aspects of emotion regulation may offer one way for policymakers to promote greater social benefit and gender equity during these challenging times.
Pandemic-Specific Factors Related to Generalized Anxiety Disorder during the Initial COVID-19 Protocols in the United States
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2021
Millie Cordaro, Timothy J. Grigsby, Jeffrey T. Howard, Rebecca G. Deason, Kelly Haskard-Zolnierek, Krista Howard
The unprecedented outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19 pandemic has swept across the globe. In a matter of weeks, the virus insidiously transmitted around the world, and the subsequent social disruption created an unparalleled, historical, sociocultural context entrenched in crisis consequently taxing global economies, healthcare resources, institutions, and daily routines. Individuals across the United States (U.S.) are concerned for their health and the health of loved ones, having access to adequate healthcare and food, and coping with job insecurity or unemployment (Taylor & Asmundson, 2020). Some are struggling against relationship or marital strain, or juggling family obligations while working. Furthermore, individuals are adjusting to less social connection and support, and in some cases isolation (Cordaro, 2020; Galea et al., 2020). During pandemics, some will experience the non-normative death of a friend or loved one due to virus-related complications, resulting in altered developmental pathways (Rudolph & Zacher, 2017; Taylor, 2019). Collectively, individuals are being forced to tolerate an all-encompassing ambiguity with regard to when the pandemic will end and life will return to normal. Moreover, trust in U.S. government and public health directives to implement effective, preventative health measures to protect against potential health threats has fluctuated since initial stay-at-home orders (Udow-Phillips & Lantz, 2020)
Understanding the support needs of Australian nursing students during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Published in Contemporary Nurse, 2021
Albara Alomari, Leanne Hunt, Heidi Lord, Elizabeth Halcomb, Ritin Fernandez, Rebekkah Middleton, Lorna Moxham
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on global population health and has caused varying degrees of social disruption. In Australia, there have been considerable public health measures undertaken to contain the spread of COVID-19 (Australian Government Department of Health, 2020). These measures have included public awareness and education campaigns and emergency public health orders that have implemented interventions such as mandating social distancing and forcing communities into lockdown. Lockdown has meant that people were required to isolate except for emergency circumstances and resulted in widespread disruption of social support networks and created economic instability. This is particularly evident within the higher education sector student population (Aristovnik et al., 2020; Sahu, 2020) where, within a very short period, face to face learning and teaching was moved to a fully online environment. This rapidly shifting environment has caused students significant disruption and anxiety (Daniel, 2020).