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Into pain
Published in Stephen Buetow, Rethinking Pain in Person-Centred Health Care, 2020
Such activities include eating spicy foods and participating in contact sports, like martial arts and ice hockey. Other very physical activities, including mountain biking and projects such as triathlons, can be similarly painful since they require extreme effort and endurance. Meanwhile, there are computer games in which players inflict and receive pain for “fun.” Some persons enjoy “rough sex,” anoreceptive pain of low to moderate intensity,41 or both, while sexual masochism allows scripted scenes, role improvisation and the agency to regulate safely an exchange of power.42 Unlikely to want to experience pain in other situations, actors entertain risks associated with the dark side of pleasure.
From suffering to satisfaction
Published in David Bain, Michael Brady, Jennifer Corns, Philosophy of Suffering, 2019
It is interesting to note that a failure to see a link between suffering and pleasure or reward also leads us to view people who do report enjoyment from suffering as morally suspect. Most obviously, this occurs in the context of sexual masochism, frequently considered a form of deviant behaviour. Yet, as with marathons, research shows that many people seek out and enjoy innately negative experiences, such as sad movies, spicy foods, bungee jumping, and cold-water swimming. This behavioural tendency has been referred to as benign masochism, and research shows that people frequently get their peak level of enjoyment from these negative experiences just at the point where they can barely stand it anymore (Rozin, Guillot, Fincher, Rozin & Tsukayama, 2013). This suffering can be enjoyable, but it is not the case that the milder the suffering the better; people like their suffering to take them to a point which pushes their boundaries, challenges them, but also does not destroy or traumatize them.
The Sexually Disordered Couple
Published in Len Sperry, Katherine Helm, Jon Carlson, The Disordered Couple, 2019
Shannon B. Dermer, Molli E. Mercer
There are many paraphilias, but there are only eight Paraphilic Disorders: voyeuristic, exhibitionistic, frotteuristic, sexual masochism, sexual sadism, pedophilic, fetishistic, and transvestic disorders (in addition to other Specified Paraphilic Disorders and Unspecified Paraphilic Disorders). Voyeurism involves intense sexual urges and desire from observing people naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity without the consent of the person/people being observed. Exhibitionists have the urge to or derive pleasure from fantasizing about or actually exposing their genitals to unsuspecting persons. There are several subtypes of exhibitionistic disorder: sexually aroused by exposing genitals to prepubertal children; exposing genitals to physically mature individuals; or sexually aroused by exposing genitals to both prepubertal children and physically mature individuals. Frotteuristic disorder manifests itself through persistent urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting adult. Although sexual sadism and sexual masochism disorders are separated in the DSM-5, they are presented together here in that they are polar opposites in regard to getting sexual arousal and/or pleasure from the physical or psychological suffering of others or getting sexual arousal and/or pleasure from experiencing physical or psychological suffering, by inflicting or receiving acts of humiliation, beatings, bondage, and/or suffering. Pedophilia is sexual arousal focused on a prepubescent child or children, usually under the age of 13. People diagnosed with pedophilic disorder may be exclusively or nonexclusively attracted to children, may be attracted to males, females, or both, and may be attracted to children with whom they are related (incest) or to children with whom they are not related. Each of these can be used as a specifier. Fetishes are typified by sexual desire, arousal, and gratification associated with nonliving objects or non-genital body parts. Examples of what people may be attracted to include rubber, latex, leather, dirty undergarments, hair, feet, ankles, and ears. Clinicians should not include people who are aroused by cross-dressing in this category, nor should they include arousal and gratification associated with devices designed for stimulation of the genitals (e.g., vibrators and dildos). In the diagnosis, clinicians can specify whether the fetish involves body part(s), nonliving object(s), or other.
Concordance and Discordance between Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors: A Follow-Up Study
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2022
Christian C. Joyal, Julie Carpentier
Regression analyses also confirmed that having the desire to engage in a paraphilic behavior was significantly associated with acting on that behavior (see also Seto et al., 2021). Still, gender also represented a significant factor for the realization of some (but not all) paraphilic behaviors. As expected, fetishistic, voyeuristic, and exhibitionistic behaviors were associated with being a man and masochistic behaviors were (almost significantly) associated with being a woman. Seto et al. (2021) also found that four paraphilic behaviors were associated with gender: eroticized gender (men), frotteurism (men), zoophilia (men), and masochism (women). Given that the present study was not based on the same instrument and the same paraphilias, results are difficult to compare with those of Seto et al. (2021). Still, it is worth noting that in both studies, sexual masochism was associated with being a woman.
A Systematic Scoping Review of the Prevalence, Etiological, Psychological, and Interpersonal Factors Associated with BDSM
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2020
Ashley Brown, Edward D. Barker, Qazi Rahman
Because BDSM was historically thought of as being caused by mental illness, pathology, or complications occurring in childhood, it has been associated with paraphilic disorders. This view still partially exists, with sexual sadism, sexual masochism, and fetishistic disorder being listed in both the DSM-5 and ICD-10 (but the ICD -11 has since removed sexual masochism). Many sex researchers contest the inclusion of some of these in diagnostic manuals because they stigmatize BDSM practitioners as well as medicalize what may be relatively benign and even common sexual interests (Moser, 2018, 2016; Seto, Kingston, & Bourget, 2014; Shindel & Moser, 2011; Wright, 2006). Having BDSM sexual interests alone no longer meet the criteria of a paraphilic disorder. In order to meet the diagnostic criteria for sexual masochism or sexual sadism disorder, an individual must have experienced clinically significant distress or impairment due to their sexual desires or must have acted on these sexual urges with a nonconsenting person (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). However, these criteria are vague, and the level or cause of distress has received little clarification.
Practice of consensual BDSM and relationship satisfaction
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2018
Hannah M.E. Rogak, Jennifer Jo Connor
It is perhaps not surprising, then, to find continued discrimination against BDSM-identified individuals by professionals in the medical, mental health, legal, and law enforcement systems (Klein & Moser, 2006; Kolmes, Stock, & Moser, 2006; Lawrence & Love-Crowell, 2008; Ridinger, 2006; Wright, 2006, 2010). A preponderance of research, however, has so far shown no correlations between sadomasochism and mental illness, neuroticism, a history of abuse, or an inclination to criminal behavior (Connolly, 2006; Cross & Matheson, 2006; Dancer, Kleinplatz, & Moser, 2006; Lawrence & Love-Crowell, 2008; Moser & Kleinplatz, 2006; Newmahr, 2010a; Powls & Davies, 2012; Richters et al., 2008; Weinberg, 2006; Wismeijer & van Assen, 2013). The practice of sexual sadism and sexual masochism is currently designated as a mental health diagnosis in the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) if the individual has acted on a non-consenting person, or the urges must have caused significant distress or interpersonal difficulty (APA, 2013). In practice, this should mean the diagnoses of sexual sadism or sexual masochism are reserved for either criminal populations or individuals who seek therapy for discomfort with their sexual interests. However, the mere inclusion of sexual sadism as a mental health diagnosis has led to discrimination of consensual BDSM activity by mental health professionals, social service workers, and the judicial system (Klein & Moser, 2006; Kolmes et al., 2006; Lawrence & Love-Crowell, 2008). Therapists may tend to pathologize not only the individuals but the relationships themselves; Kelsey, Stiles, Spiller, and Diekhoff (2013) found that 33% of surveyed therapists were unsure if individuals engaging in BDSM could be in healthy relationships. Thus, despite the evolving perspective of medical and mental health communities away from BDSM as psychopathology, there is evidence of need for greater clinical familiarity and competence with this population.