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Psychological Recovery of Women with Cervical Cancer: The Role of Cultural Beliefs
Published in Walter J. Lonner, Dale L. Dinnel, Deborah K. Forgays, Susanna A. Hayes, Merging Past, Present, and Future in Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2020
For Group 3 patients, the recovery beliefs of self-effort and appropriate treatment showed a positive correlation with psychological recovery. The emphasis on self-effort as a factor in psychological recovery accelerates the process of self-enhancement. Traumatic events often reduce self-esteem (Briar, 1966; Pearlon & Schooler, 1978; Ryan, 1971) even when the individual had no responsibility for bringing the event about. Viewing the self as positive helps in rebuilding one’s assumptive would, which has been shattered as a result of tragic events. Appropriate treatment as a recovery belief assumes importance because physical recovery is as important as psychological recovery. Only if the treatment is satisfying will the patient recover psychologically.
Becoming who we are: personal realization
Published in Anthony Korner, Communicative Exchange, Psychotherapy and the Resonant Self, 2020
The growth of self might be thought of in relation to a growth in worldview. There is a sense of growth in the breadth and depth of vision. A strictly objective view misses what goes on internally within the mind, often involving experiences such as dreams or moments of picturing and imagining in waking life. In these experiences there is a relationship to external reality that is felt concretely and sometimes associated with a sense of self-enhancement that isn’t accessible to objective measurement. Philosophically, there is an argument that the data of experience goes beyond that simply derived directly from the senses (empiricism), rather including the sense of meaning and relationship that is integrated within individual minds (radical empiricism) (James, 1890). While all experience can be said to hold meaning, much of it passes by in the stream of consciousness as unconscious or at least un-noticed content. Moments that capture the attention and are felt distinctly take on a particular significance for the individual. They may become an important element in personal narrative, motivating in terms of larger life goals and purposes. They reflect the highly individual and somewhat mysterious process of affective investment within the stream of associative thought.
Major Schools of Psychology
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Adlerian therapy helps to raise patients’ awareness of their lifestyle, how it is discordant with the demands of social reality, and how it may be reoriented. The therapist must awaken the patient’s social interest, and the energy that goes with it. The goal of therapy is to replace exaggerated self-protection, self-enhancement, and self-indulgence with social interest.
The Twenty Item Values Inventory (TwIVI) in Portuguese Adults: Factorial Structure, Internal Consistency, and Criterion-Related Validity
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Pedro J. C. Costa, Paulo A. S. Moreira, Sara Faria, Joana Correia Lopes
The first set of contrasting guiding principles are the self-enhancement values (power and achievement), which focus exclusively on the interests of the individual and the quest for dominance and success, and the self-transcendence values (benevolence and universalism), which instead shift the attention from the self to the well-being of those close to us and more broadly to the welfare of all beings (Schwartz, 2016). Meanwhile, the second set contrasts openness to change (stimulation and self-direction) values that draw attention to the autonomy of the individual, and essentially refer to the willingness and the desire to experience new stimuli and challenges as well as to think, behave and feel in unique and original ways, and conservation (security, conformity, tradition) values that underscore instead the collective and are characterized by a resistance to change, therefore, focusing on the significance of societal stability, order, respect for the institutions, their history, and the established sociocultural norms (Schwartz, 2016; Schwartz et al., 2012). Lastly, hedonism given that it shares elements of both openness to change and self-enhancement values, is usually represented as being located between them. Even so, research has shown that in a majority of cultural groups, hedonism, the value that motivates self-gratification of the senses, can be reliably assigned to openness to change (Schwartz, 2006; Schwartz & Cieciuch, 2021).
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Sexual Motivations – The Role of Dissociation
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2021
Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan, Yael Lahav
Sexual motivations are defined as various goals and needs that people seek to fulfil by engaging in sex (Cooper et al., 1998; Meston & Buss, 2007). Cooper et al. (1998) described six primary sexual motives, which the present study utilized: 1) Self-enhancement, which is defined as engaging in sex in order to experience pleasure and physical satisfaction; 2) Intimacy, which is defined as engaging in sex in order to achieve intimacy with the partner; 3) Self-affirmation, which reflects engaging in sex to affirm one’s worth; 4) Coping, which is defined as engaging in sex to reduce negative effects, outcomes or consequences; 5) Peer pressure, which reflects the desire to gain or maintain approval from a socially significant individual or collectivity, such as having sex to impress or fit in with one’s peer group; and 6) Partner approval, which is defined as the use of sex to please or appease one’s partner.
Narcissism and Reactions to a Self-Esteem Insult: An Experiment Using Predictions from Self-Report and the Rorschach Task
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2021
Emanuela S. Gritti, Gregory J. Meyer, Robert F. Bornstein, David P. Marino, Jodi di Marco
Contemporary psychological research relies heavily on self-reports to assess various dimensions of personality and psychopathology (Baumeister et al., 2007; Bornstein, 2011)—a trend which has increased in recent years (Sassenberg & Ditrich, 2019). However, certain forms of personality pathology (e.g., narcissism, psychopathy) are associated with limitations in self-awareness and a tendency to self-enhancement in self-report assessment (Grijalva & Zhang, 2016). For these domains, assessment may benefit from measures based on observation of performance that do not rely on introspective processes and thus may be less susceptible to self-presentation effects. Providing a task with wide latitude for responding that relies on a person’s spontaneous imagery and behavior may be particularly useful.