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Mad world-building
Published in Lester D. Friedman, Therese Jones, Routledge Handbook of Health and Media, 2022
Debate continues as to whether OCD is a disease, or what is termed a disease entity (Davis 21). It is a mental condition characterized by repeated intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and the need to perform certain routines repeatedly (compulsions), causing distress and impairing general functioning. There is generally a realization that the thoughts or routines do not make sense, the person retains a degree of insight, but at the same time, he might consider himself insane. People throughout history have displayed neurotic or obsessional traits that have often been labelled retrospectively as OCD including Samuel Johnson, Charles Darwin, and St Ignatius of Loyola, but the diagnosis is a modern one. The nature of OCD seems woven into the very fabric of our culture, taking the themes of the anxiety and suffering it causes from common concerns or moral panics of the day. Thus, in the 18th century, someone riven with anxiety about sin, blasphemy, and eternal damnation might have been said to be suffering from “scrupulosity,” a proto-OCD condition, while someone suffering with this condition today, particularly in the United Kingdom, might worry that he is, unconsciously, a pedophile or might be thought by others to be one or falsely accused of being one, mainly because he finds the thought utterly repugnant.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Published in MS Thambirajah, Case Studies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2018
One of the few studies to examine the phenomenology of OCD in children was done by Swedo et al. (1998). They analysed the obsessions and compulsions of 70 children and adolescents prospectively. There was a striking similarity between the clinical presentation of OCD in children and in adult patients. The common obsessions were concern with dirt or germs (40%), something terrible happening (fire, death/illness in loved one; 25%), symmetry, order and exactness (17%), scrupulosity (religious obsessions; 13%) and forbidden, aggressive or perverse sexual thoughts, images or impulses (4%). The common compulsions were excessive washing, bathing or grooming (85%) repeating rituals (e.g. going in/ out door, up or down; 38%), checking (doors, locks, route; 48%) and ordering or arranging (17%).
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Problematic Pornography Use: The Mediating Role of Loneliness
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Jorge Cardoso, Catarina Ramos, José Brito, Telma C. Almeida
Considering that religious affiliation and moral incongruence may be related to PPU (Grubbs & Perry, 2019; Mestre-Bach et al., 2021), the non-assessment of these variables is another important limitation. Individuals with higher levels of religiosity and religious scrupulosity may be more likely to perceive that they have PPU, largely as a result of their moral disapproval of this behavior (Grubbs et al., 2015). For some people, the moral burden associated with pornography use may lead them to feel shame and guilt, concomitant with a problematization of pornography consumption (Grubbs et al., 2018). Thus, future studies should include assessments of religious affiliation and moral incongruence. In addition, the stigma associated with loneliness, particularly in young adults (Barreto et al., 2022) could have strengthened the social desirability mechanisms in the participants’ answers. Finally, although the UCLALS-3 is a well-validated and widely used measure, loneliness is a complex and multidimensional construct that is difficult to assess with a unidimensional scale (Heinrich & Gullone, 2006). The use of qualitative methods to assess loneliness, as well as emotion regulation difficulties, could provide a better understanding of these phenomena.
Application of Exposure Plus Response Prevention for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Related to Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome
Published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Cynthia E. Brown, Kristin M. Hawley
The Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS; Scahill et al., 1997), widely considered to be the “gold standard” clinician-rated severity measure for OCD (Barrett et al., 2008), was also administered. Summed scores across subscales range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating more severe impairment. Jessica’s obsession severity subtotal was 18 and her compulsion subtotal was 20, yielding a CY-BOCS total of 38. Scores between 32 and 40 are considered to be extreme in severity. Jessica reported that her primary obsessions were not being able to do enough rituals and a pervasive fear that “something bad might happen” if she does not complete enough rituals. Other obsessions included being hurt or taken away from her family, hurting herself with sharp objects, and extensive scrupulosity (i.e., worried about offending God). Jessica identified that her most distressing compulsions were counting, and avoiding multiples of 10 (i.e., 10, 20, etc., are unlucky numbers), hurting herself because she feels guilty (e.g., biting herself enough to leave marks as punishment for having experienced pleasure), and “avoiding bad things, or things that could make bad things happen.” Other repetitive compulsions included touching things, confessing to a parent, changing clothes, and checking to make sure that she did not do something wrong.
Overlap of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder and autism spectrum disorder traits among OCD outpatients: an exploratory study
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2019
W. Gadelkarim, S. Shahper, J. Reid, M. Wikramanayake, S. Kaur, S. Kolli, S. Osman, N. A. Fineberg
The above-mentioned most frequently endorsed OCPD traits, together with workaholism, were also strongly associated with a diagnosis of ASD (see below). Perfectionism, rigidity, need for control and workaholism may be viewed as detrimental with respect to interpersonal relationships. These traits may also lead to conflict at work and thereby explain the elevated rates of unemployment seen in our patients with this comorbidity. The impact of OCPD on employment is not well understood and merits further qualitative study. Our findings, however, also endorse the high prevalence of over-conscientiousness in this group that, as a domain, is not usually viewed by others as being detrimental and may even be viewed as adaptive e.g., for occupational roles requiring high levels of scrupulosity (reviewed in Chamberlain et al., 2017), but which can have damaging consequences on the individual themselves associated with the intrapersonal effort of sustaining high standards of moral behaviour and may be linked to the development of depression. Unfortunately, we did not measure depressive symptoms in this study, which would be another fruitful next research step.