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Suffering, Sacrifice and Stigma
Published in Clare Gerada, Zaid Al-Najjar, Beneath the White Coat, 2020
The socialisation of medical students into ‘Medicine’ goes beyond learning the knowledge and skills necessary to do the job and includes mastering the largely unwritten rules needed to be inculcated into the profession. Self-sacrifice is one of these rules and is as expected of a doctor as washing one’s hands. The academic Frederick Haffertey suggests medical students undergo an intense form of adult ‘re-socialisation’.14 This is through a series of encounters underpinned by the tension between lay and medical norms and values, with the latter (medical norms) emerging as ‘superior’ to the former. For example, during dissection the student learns the ‘feeling rules’ and as such must not react as a lay person might do to the cadaver. Learning to sacrifice oneself is part of these rules as discussed in Chapter 1 as becoming a doctor is marked by immense personal sacrifice. From the outset, medical students have to work harder, longer and under more constant scrutiny than other students. Once qualified, they must endure endless postgraduate exams, studied for alongside busy jobs. Even following these examinations, the requirement to stay on the medical register means that they must continue to perform academically until retirement. This requires sacrifices in one’s family and social life and extracurricular activities. In the main, they are worth it, set against the rewarding nature of the job. However, there is therefore a moral and ethical duty of the ‘system’ to take care of them. Evidence suggests this is not the case.6
Culture, race and ethnicity: Exploring the concepts
Published in Karen Holland, Cultural Awareness in Nursing and Health Care, 2017
Because race has become such a crucial concept in health care generally, it is important to examine how theorists view it. This will also help us to understand why and how people adopt such different views about living in a multicultural society both generally and locally. Jones (1994) believed that there are two distinct theories of race, namely consensus (functionalist) theories and conflict theories. Consensus theories suggest that following an initial disruption of society by large numbers of immigrants, ‘social consensus will be restored through resocialisation and integration’ (Jones, 1994, p. 298). It is believed that any new social group, with its individual customs, will become no different from the rest of society, and that it is they who have the ‘problem’ not the majority culture. They become ‘indistinguishable from the majority and integrate through mixing with the host society’ (Jones, 1994), while not losing their cultural norms and values altogether. Another theory is one in which there is a more liberal view and acceptance of ‘subcultures, norms and values, which are different but equal’ (Jones, 1994). In communities that adopt this view, there may be a more open acceptance of other cultures (e.g. in regular multicultural religious services).
Welfare Programs
Published in Charlotte J. Sanborn, Case Management in Mental Health Services, 2014
With the cooperation of churches and town fathers, we were given access to various facilities in rural areas where many of the group homes are located. Occupational and recreational therapists from New Hampshire Hospital designed weekly resocialization programs. Once operational, these programs were turned over to community volunteers and supervised by the Adult Service Unit. Program supplies were provided by project monies of various senior citizen groups and the Human Service Coordinating Council.
The Beliefs of Eleanor Clarke Slagle: Are They Current or History?
Published in Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 2019
Slagle credited her beliefs to the people she identified as mentors (Slagle, n.d.). In general, she learned to believe in the potential of human beings to effect and change their lives and health positively. Furthermore, she believed that people with identified mental, physical, and social problems could be helped to improve their lives and daily functioning whether they were living in the community or in an institution. Problems were not incurable and she suggested that the “word incurable should no longer be in our social vocabulary” (Slagle, 1922a, p. 6). Finally, she felt that each hospital employee should be imbued with the “reconstruction idea” and that all hospital services programs should work conscientiously under the “resocialization ideal” (Slagle, 1934, p. 641). In other words, all patients could be rehabilitated, at least to some degree, and none were incurable.
Drug use pattern among non-heterosexual and transgender people detained in a female prison complex
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2022
Paulo Cardoso Lins-Filho, Fabiana Menezes Teixeira de Carvalho, Jaciel Leandro de Melo Freitas, Andressa Kelly Alves Ferreira, Maria Cecília Freire de Melo, Gustavo Pina Godoy, Arnaldo de França Caldas Jr
The consumption of alcohol and tobacco was higher among illicit drugs users (Table 2), which demonstrates a consumption pattern where there is an association of substances, deepening the social and health consequences attributed to the use of these drugs. Substance use is reported as one of the factors associated with the difficulty of individuals to achieve resocialization (Chamberlain et al., 2019). Our findings demonstrate that non-heterosexual and transgender people detained are more likely to use tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs, which can deepen the marginalization conditions already suffered by these people.
Is Virtually Everything Possible? The Relevance of Ethics and Human Rights for Introducing Extended Reality in Forensic Psychiatry
Published in AJOB Neuroscience, 2022
Sjors Ligthart, Gerben Meynen, Nikola Biller-Andorno, Tijs Kooijmans, Philipp Kellmeyer
According to the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR/the Court), prison sentence pursues a variety of objectives. Whereas retributivism5 remains one of the important aims of prison sentence, to date, the emphasis in European penal policy is on the rehabilitative objective of imprisonment, especially toward the end of a long prison sentence.6 “Resocialization,” in this context, implies the reintegration of convicted offenders into society, inter alia in order to prevent reoffending and thus also to protect society.7 This concept of resocialization has become a mandatory factor that member States of the Council of Europe should take into account when designing their penal policies.8 States have a duty to provide prisoners with a “real opportunity” to rehabilitate themselves.9 According to the Grand Chamber, this duty entails a “positive obligation” to secure prison regimes with the aim of resocialization, and enable (life) prisoners to make progress in this regard, especially where it is the prison regime or the conditions of detention that obstruct resocialization10 (Ligthart et al. 2019a; Meijer 2017). This obligation is one of means, not of result. The actual resocialization of individual offenders should be achieved through fostering their personal responsibility.11 As to life prisoners with mental health problems, the Grand Chamber has considered that providing such prisoners with a real opportunity of resocialization may require enabling them to take part in treatments or therapies—be they medical, psychological or psychiatric—adapted to their situation with a view to facilitating rehabilitation. This entails that mentally ill detainees should be allowed to take part in occupational or other activities where these may be considered beneficial to resocialization.12