China
Africa
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Background
Published in Bo Chen, Mental Health Law in China, 2023
Paradoxically, when greater awareness of mental health has been raised and government funding has increased, there has emerged a movement of building new institutions or expanding the existing institutions. Data from 2004 reveals that there were 557 psychiatric hospitals (among which 359 had 100 beds or more and 44 had 500 beds or more), and 1.0 beds in psychiatric hospitals every 10,000 population.76Another piece of research in 2016 reports that the number of psychiatric hospitals increased to 728 (with 323 beds per hospital on average) and psychiatric beds per 10,000 population rose to 1.7.77A policy paper reveals that 15 billion RMB (approximately 2 billion euros) would had been spent to construct 550 new psychiatric hospitals around 2013–2014.78It is important to note that, the data used above comes from different sources, as such there may exist some overlapping numbers or inconsistent methods of calculation. This section, therefore, does not aim to provide an accurate description of how many psychiatric hospitals or beds there are, but only to identify the clear direction to institutionalisation. Given the policy priority of treating the untreated patients, a certain level of capacity buildings for service provision in specialised institutions is not unforeseeable. The problem, however, is that community services have failed to receive equal attention and funding as that invested in large-scale psychiatric hospitals.
Policy Development on Ageing in Malaysia
Published in Goh Cheng Soon, Gerard Bodeker, Kishan Kariippanon, Healthy Ageing in Asia, 2022
Tengku Aizan Hamid, Wan Alia Wan Sulaiman, Mohamad Fazdillah Bagat, Sen Tyng Chai
Apart from financing and human resource issues, the fragmentation of healthcare services and social care services has resulted in a poor quality of care for the elderly in Malaysia. Assistance with activities of daily living or other daily tasks such as doing groceries, housework or paying bills is not costly, but it can help an older person to continue living in the community. Institutionalization is costly, and the government needs to support and promote home-based and community care as an alternative. Mobile or home-based nursing regulations are needed to ensure uniform minimum standards, and the International Guidelines for Home Health Nursing and other similar initiatives should be adopted (Narayan et al., 2017). Home visits and home help are more social in nature, and we need better home-based long-term care services and products in the market.
Institution(alization), bureaucracy, and well-being?
Published in Paul M.W. Hackett, Christopher M. Hayre, Handbook of Ethnography in Healthcare Research, 2020
Institutions, we routinely tell ourselves, are inherently dysfunctional. But to what degree does this attitude resonate with formal definitions? The Oxford English Dictionary lists three definitions of institutionalization: The action of establishing something as a convention or norm in an organization or culture.The state of being placed or kept in a residential institution.Harmful effects such as apathy and loss of independence arising from spending a long time in an institution.
Disability, Aging, and the Importance of Recognizing Social Supports in Medical Decision Making
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2021
Kevin T. Mintz, David C. Magnus
Institutionalization can also contribute to higher levels of self-reported social isolation. One study found that individuals with intellectual disabilities living in intermediate care facilities and Medicaid waiver-funded group homes with more than 7 residents reported feeling more lonely or isolated than those living in their family’s home or smaller community-based settings. The researchers hypothesize that this finding is associated with a greater level of individual choice over one’s living conditions in family-based or smaller group settings (Stancliffe, Lakin, Taub, Chiri, and Byun 2009). For older patients, living in a nursing home is associated with increased social isolation and loneliness, both predictors of adverse health outcomes for residents (Simard and Volicer 2020). The Covid-19 pandemic has only exacerbated the extent of social isolation for people with intellectual disabilities, especially those who are institutionalized (Navas et al. 2021; Simard and Volicer 2020).
The Deinstitutionalization of Psychiatric Hospitals in Ghana: An Application of Bronfenbrenner’s Social-Ecological Model
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
Institutionalization is a social course of action or procedure intended to achieve results through the establishment of structures, policies, and programs capable of infusing ideas and values considered adequate to maintain social legitimacy and normalcy (Shen & Snowden, 2014; Zucker, 1977). The concept of institutionalization in psychiatry hospitals or institutions however, is distinct. It is a process whereby inmates (patients) become adaptive to institutional life and are unable to subsequently live independently outside of the institution. This system of care is what Goffman (1961), termed as a closed system, where patients live all their lives within the psychiatric institution. Interestingly, a significant number of these patients do not consider themselves as mentally ill (Chow & Priebe, 2013; Shen & Snowden, 2014).
Criterion Validity of the Rorschach Developmental Index With Children
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2019
Ana Cristina Resende, Donald J. Viglione, Liliane Domingos Martins, Latife Yazigi
A primary purpose of this study was to examine the developmental impact of institutionalization. Children living in institutionalized settings produced lower DI and nonverbal intelligence scores when compared to children living with their families. These data contribute to the research indicating the negative developmental consequences of institutionalization (Ahmad & Shuriquie, 2001; MacLean, 2003; Poletto, Koller, & Dell'Aglio, 2009; Wathier & Dell'Aglio, 2007). Our data suggest that children living with their families had greater ability to observe and to think more clearly than institutionalized children. Children living with their families also found it easier to develop new understandings, to problem solve, and to go beyond what is given to realize what is not immediately obvious.