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Nosology, Etiology, and Course of Gender Identity Disorder in Children
Published in Robin M. Mathy, Jack Drescher, Childhood Gender Nonconformity and the Development of Adult Homosexuality, 2020
Gender Identity Disorder of Childhood (GIDC) first appeared in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM; American Psychiatric Associaton, 1980), grouped with Ego-Dystonic Homosexuality, Premature Ejaculation, and Zoophilia as one of the Psychosexual Disorders. The revised third edition (APA, 1987) eliminated the section on Psychosexual Disorders and reconceptualized GIDC as one of several disorders considered to have their origins in childhood or adolescence. Also included in this section were Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Bulimia Nervosa, and Functional Encopresis. More recent editions of the DSM (APA, 1994, 2000) consolidated all of the disorders having to do with sexuality and gender identity, regardless of the patient’s age, into one section. According to this conceptualization, any differences between GIDC and GID in Adolescence or Adulthood are due primarily to the patient’s age. In other words, GIDC is considered the earliest form of a disorder that may persist into adulthood. In addition, it is related to the other sexuality and gender identity disorders, which include Pedophilia and Female Orgasmic Disorder.
Gynaecological history, examination and investigations
Published in Helen Bickerstaff, Louise C Kenny, Gynaecology, 2017
• Is there pain having intercourse and is this deep or superficial and is there associated sexual dysfunction (see Chapter 13, Benign conditions of the vulva and vagina, psychosexual disorders and female genital mutilation)?
Topic 12 Forensic Psychiatry
Published in Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri
Exhibitionism, the exposing of the genitals to the opposite sex, is characterized into the following two main groups: Type I: inhibited young men of relatively normal personality and good character who struggle against the impulse but find it irresistible. They expose with a flaccid penis and do not masturbate. They expose to individuals, not seeking a particular response. The frequency of exposure is often related to other sexual stresses and anxieties, such as marital conflict or pregnancy in the spouse.Type II: less inhibited, more sociopathic men. Individuals expose with erect penis in a state of excitement and may masturbate. Pleasure is obtained, and little guilt is shown. The person is more likely to expose to a group of women or girls and may return repeatedly to the same place. The person seeks a response from the victim, either shock or disgust. There are fewer attempts to resist the urge to expose. The behaviour is associated with other psychosexual disorders and other types of offences. Thus may lead to more serious mental illness.
On the Other Side of Menopause
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
The DSM III (APA, 1980) added a text section on “Sex Ratios” for each disorder but provided only minimal information such as “more common in women” or stated the information was not available. There were also sporadic comments about gender differences in course and treatment-seeking behavior. Several diagnoses in the DSM III were sex-specific or had different diagnostic criteria for men and women, most of which were in the section on Psychosexual Disorders (pp. 261–284). The other disorder with sex-specific diagnostic criteria in DSM III was Somatoform Disorder, which had a threshold of 14 symptoms (pp. 241–252). Since DSM III and through the current DSM 5, menopause related symptoms have been included under Major Depressive Disorder and Major Depressive Episode (Mood Disorders) when depression is present and under Anxiety Disorders when anxiety is the prominent feature. Also included under Mood Disorders in DSM 5 are Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Mixed Anxiety/Depression.
Unexpected foreign body in the bladder of a spinal cord injured patient: A case report
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2019
Alper Mengi, Belgin Erhan, Belgin Kara, Ebru Yilmaz Yalcinkaya
There are studies which reported that stone formations formed by hairs entering the bladder.6,7 Pubic hairs may enter into the bladder either by adhering directly to the lubricated catheter, or by overlying the urethral meatus and being pushed into the bladder. The hair in the bladder is an ideal place for crystals to precipitate, which facilitates stone formation, which is manifested by the presence of hair formations within the stones that removed from the bladder.6,7 Many unusual foreign bodies that range from the electric wire, thermometer to glass rods and battery have been reported. In addition, mental disorder, psychosexual disorder and iatrogenic causes have been reported in its etiology.8,9 None of these etiologic factors was present in our patient. In neurogenic bladder patients performing CIC, we did not detect any foreign body report except for stone, pubic hair, and vaginal contraceptive ring.6,9
The pharmacologic treatment of problematic sexual interests, paraphilic disorders, and sexual preoccupation in adult men who have committed a sexual offence
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2019
Belinda Winder, J. Paul Fedoroff, Don Grubin, Kateřina Klapilová, Maxim Kamenskov, Douglas Tucker, Irina A. Basinskaya, Georgy E. Vvedensky
The mode of action of SSRIs to manage problematic sexual arousal and behaviour is unclear, and it may vary among individuals. Similar to the effects seen in obsessive compulsive disorder, the SSRIs can reduce the frequency and intensity of fantasy, rumination, and compulsive behaviour in patients with psychosexual disorders. They may also stabilize mood, reduce impulsivity, and decrease sexual drive (Greenberg & Bradford, 1997). Anti-androgens and GnRH agonists both reduce testosterone to pre-pubertal levels, leading to reduction or elimination of sexual drive and interest, although they act through different mechanisms. The GnRH agonists reduce pituitary gonadotropic hormones, are more potent, and have fewer side-effects. The side-effect profile (discussed later in this paper) needs to be balanced with the goals of treatment, including reduction in reoffending risk and improvement in wellbeing. Testosterone-lowering medications are used primarily to treat men with prostate cancer, and many physicians are unfamiliar with their use for the purpose of controlling sexual drive, and reluctant to prescribe them for this reason.