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Vulnerability in the acutely ill patient
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Abuse can occur as a single act or repeated acts by a single person or a group of people. To recap, abuse may be physical, verbal or psychological, it can be an act of neglect or a failure to act or it may occur where a vulnerable person is persuaded to enter into something which they have not consented to or cannot consent to. It can range from not treating someone with dignity and respect, to extreme punishment, cruelty or torture. There are a range of types and levels of abuse and they can fall into the following categories: physical abuse;sexual abuse;neglect and poor professional practice;institutional abuse;financial or material abuse;emotional/psychological abuse;discrimination.
Lesbian, Bisexual, Queer and Transgender Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health
Published in Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz, Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Intimate partner violence (IPV) in same-sex and poly-gender relationships is likely to be at least as prevalent as amongst heterosexual couples, and some data suggest it is higher. For example, in the US National Violence Against Women Survey (n=14,182), all types of IPV were, on average, twice as likely amongst the lesbian and bisexual women as amongst the heterosexual women (Messinger, 2011). Emotional or psychological abuse can also be higher than physical abuse between lesbian couples. Correlates with IPV for same-sex couples include a family history of violence, past IPV, fusion (where the couple have few social outlets as individuals), and alcohol intake (Badenes-Ribera, Bonilla-Campos, Frias-Navarro, Pons-Salvador, & Monterde, 2016). Emerging work indicates that transgender and gender-diverse individuals may be more likely than cisgender LGB people to have experienced IPV (Langenderfer-Magruder, Whitfield, Walls, Kattari, & Ramos, 2016). The field is complicated by assumptions that gender-based power imbalances underpin much IPV, which does not translate well to female same-sex and poly-gender relationships. This is likely to result in under-reporting of IPV both in clinical settings and in research.
Dignity and privacy
Published in Barbara Smith, Linda Field, Nursing Care, 2019
Psychological abuse is any form of verbal or non-verbal behaviour that demonstrates disrespect for the patient and could be construed as being emotionally or psychologically damaging, nurses and care workers must be able to respond appropriately to a person’s psychological needs (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2015). Action on Elder Abuse (2018) has reported that this is one of the most commonly reported form of abuse. Psychological abuse may take the form of threatening, bullying, shouting, blaming, mocking, isolating or blackmailing. It includes any remark made to a person that may be conceived as being demeaning, disrespectful, humiliating, intimidating, racist, sexist, homophobic, ageist or blasphemous. It also includes making sarcastic remarks, speaking in a condescending tone of voice and behaving in an overfamiliar manner and expressing your own views in a way that is inappropriate (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2015). Consider Case study 2.5.
Exploring the relationship between intimate partner abuses, resilience, psychological, and physical health problems in Pakistani married couples: a perspective from the collectivistic culture
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2023
Jaffar Abbas, Muhammad Aqeel, Jinzhu Ling, Arash Ziapour, Muhammad Ali Raza, Tasnim Rehna
Abusive Behavior Inventory (ABI) by Shepard and Campbell (1992) is a 30-item scale of abusive men and battered women. It comprises of two subsets: psychological abuse (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, and 24) and physical abuse (7, 14, 18, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30). The physical abuse subscale assesses physical abuse from a partner. The psychological abuse subscale measures if the person experiences psychological abuse from a partner. High scores on both psychological abuse and physical abuse subscales, illustrate an IPA (Shepard & Campbell, 1992). Each question is attained on a five-point Likert instrument. The ABI has revealed adequate reliability and validity (Shepard & Campbell, 1992). This study stipulated the Cronbach alphas values for abusive behavior (α = 0.92), psychological abuse (α = 0.91), and physical abuse (α = 0.86).
The prevalence and associated risk factors of elder abuse among older people applied to the family health center in the rural district of Turkey
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2020
The role of primary health-care professionals including medical doctors, social workers, nurses, or care workers is important for detection of the elder abuse. Elder abuse was classified as psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, financial abuse, and neglect (Dong, 2013; Keller et al., 2019; Lachs & Pillemer, 2004; Pillemer et al., 2016). Different types of abuse are shaped in different contexts with different acts of harm. Physical abuse indicates the use of force which can result in bodily injury, physical pain, or deterioration, while psychological abuse means the stress and emotional pain through verbal aggression, threat, intimidation, refusal to communicate, humiliation, insult, threat of abandonment, or institutionalization. Financial abuse implies the abuse of the money or property of the older. This type may occur in the forms of exploitation of the goods of an older person, fraud, and blackmail, as well as theft of money or the property of an individual. We can speak of neglect if the caregiver does not meet the needs of the dependent older person. Elder neglect refers to the refused or failure of responsible caregivers to provide care for the elder. Sexual abuse indicates unwanted sexual activity without consent between the perpetrator and victim. Perpetrators make use of force, threats, or deception to take advantage of older victims (Keller et al., 2019; Lacher et al., 2016; Pillemer et al., 2016).
Every cloud has a silver lining but… “pathways to seeking formal-help and South-Asian immigrant women survivors of intimate partner violence”
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2019
For most participants, the abuse escalated from psychological abuse (i.e., verbal and emotional abuse) to frequent episodes of physical abuse. As a result, life-threatening and desperate conditions led them to seek outside/formal help. Psychological abuse has been reported as the most prevalent form of abuse among SA women (Mahapatra, 2012). Psychological abuse could range from male control over family decision-making to verbal abuse and insults to women, both in private and public sphere, often leading to ridiculing of their looks, dressing sense, their abilities, and other feminine qualities (Mahapatra, 2012; Raj & Silverman, 2002). Women in the current study were also called names, ignored, blamed for the abuse, and manipulated despite their socioeconomic status (e.g., level of education or whether joined the workforce or not). Well-educated women with upper-income are equally vulnerable to psychological abuse, as in the case of some of the study participants (Weitzman, 2000). They don’t disclose their abuse due the fear of not being believed, shame, and fear of being losing their current social status and being ostracized by their own community. Psychological abuse has detrimental effects on woman’s well-being, which is usually long-term, difficult to tolerate, and recuperate from (Jordan & Bhandari, 2016) and often escalates to physical abuse (Smith & Segal, 2018). SA women also tend to minimize psychological abuse as most women in the study sample, given the male-controlled nature of SA culture (Niaz, 2003).