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Health Promotion
Published in Rupa S. Valdez, Richard J. Holden, The Patient Factor, 2021
The Protection Motivation Theory suggests that emotional appraisal (fear appeals) and reliance on the avoidance of harmful consequences of maladaptive behavior (smoking, binge drinking) are effective in changing the attitudes or intentions as related to health behavior adoption. The avoidance of harms is driven by three cognitive appraisal processes: perceived severity of the depicted harmful events, perceived vulnerability to a threat, and perceived effectiveness of the health behavior. The avoidance of harms, along with self-efficacy, is relevant to the intention to adopt health behavior (such as PA promotion, reduction of smoking behavior) (Maddux & Rogers, 1983; Prentice-Dunn & Rogers, 1986; Wurtele & Maddux, 1987; Floyd et al., 2000; Milne et al., 2000). For example, Pechmann et al. (2003) adopted protection motivation theory to analyze antismoking advertisements and suggested that using certain message themes, such as stressing the smoking-related consequences of endangering others, could increase the nonsmoking intentions of adolescents (Pechmann et al., 2003).
Beach safety education: A behavioural change approach
Published in Mike Tipton, Adam Wooler, The Science of Beach Lifeguarding, 2018
Turner et al. [2] applied a variant to the transtheoretical stages of change model to the assessment of life jacket use. The variant, a combination of protection motivation theory (PMT) [11] and the stages of change approach, was used. PMT focuses on how people perceive threats and how to respond to them; thus PMT is very relevant to the issue of risks being underestimated by the public. PMT asserts that we protect ourselves based on the following: The perceived severity of a threatening eventThe perceived probability of the occurrenceThe efficacy (effectiveness and ‘costs’ such as discomfort) of the preventive behaviourThe perceived self-efficacy of the preventive behaviour (can it be enacted properly)
Using Goal-Oriented Counseling and Peer Support to Reduce HIV/AIDS Risk
Published in Dennis G. Fisher, Richard Needle, AIDS and Community-Based Drug Intervention Programs, 2014
In the health belief model (Becker,1974), an individual’s beliefs regarding his/her own susceptibility to a specific disease and the perceived severity of that disease combine with risk-reduction benefits and barriers in determining whether protective health measures will be adopted by the individual. Protection motivation theory (Maddux & Rogers,1983) likewise recognizes the importance of personal vulnerability and disease severity, and considers these together as defining the perceived magnitude of a particular health threat. Protection-motivation theory also stresses the importance of the individual’s perception of the effectiveness of available risk-reduction options (similar to perceived benefits in the health belief model) as well as his or her sense of personal power to initiate and implement risk reduction activities (related to perceived barriers in the health belief model).
Parental-Led Sexual Abuse Education Amongst At-Risk Parents: Associations with Parenting Practices, and Parent and Child Symptomology
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2023
Julia I. Rudolph, Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, Drew Straker, Victoria Hambour, Tanya Hawes, Kellie Swan
Self-efficacy and risk appraisal were also not associated with PLSAE in this study. This finding is relevant to theories of health behavior change such as the Health Belief Model (Janz & Becker, 1984) and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT: Rogers, 1975) which propose risk appraisal and self-efficacy as prerequisites to positive behavior modification. As we found no significant association between PLSAE, risk appraisal, and self-efficacy, it is possible that parents may not believe that the response (PLSAE) is the most functional or appropriate. Or perhaps there were other reasons for parents not performing the prevention response, such as discomfort, and concern about the effectiveness of the approach or possible harms associated with it (Rudolph & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2018; Rudolph, Zimmer-Gembeck, Shanley, Walsh, et al., 2018). To the best of our knowledge, these associations have only been researched previously by Rudolph, Zimmer-Gembeck, Shanley, Walsh, et al. (2018), however, historical research found both response efficacy and self-efficacy promoted parental intentions to deliver CSA education (Burgess & Wurtele, 1998; Campis et al., 1989).
Pilot study of women’s perspectives when abnormal uterine bleeding occurs during perimenopause
Published in Climacteric, 2022
C. C. DeStephano, M. A. Allyse, A. M. (M.) Abu Dabrh, J. L. Ridgeway, M. Salinas, M. E. Sherman, A. C. Spaulding
Interviews were conducted by phone by three members of the study team who were trained in qualitative research methods, two of whom have social science backgrounds and one a clinical background (gynecologist). In order to maintain reflexivity (acknowledging one’s role in the research) as required by qualitative research, the interviewers explained their intersecting roles and referred patients to their health-care providers for further clinical evaluation when clinical questions arose. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide (see Supplementary materials) developed using constructs from protection motivation theory. Protection motivation theory is a health behavior theory that describes how people cope with and make decisions during stressful life events, including what motivates people to change their behavior [12,13]. The final section of the interview guide asked participants to reflect on the usefulness of a set of proposed technologies for the evaluation of changes in vaginal bleeding – for example, smartphone technology to track bleeding episodes, as well as home sampling methods like tampon and menstrual cup specimen collection that could be returned to the clinic by mail. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and de-identified for analysis.
Investigation of COVID-19 Perceived Risk in Public Hospital Workers in Turkey
Published in Hospital Topics, 2021
Okan Özkan, Sümeyye Özmen, Özlem Özer, Nida Erçoban
Perceived risk is a concept that extends beyond just probability and consequences and expresses an individual’s understanding of risk (Breakwell 2014). This concept refers to the individual’s psychological evaluations regarding the probability and consequences of a negative result (Khosravi 2020). In other words, risk refers to a complex, psychologically oriented, and socially structured phenomenon influenced by various factors such as probability, severity, controllability, fear, destructive potential, and unfamiliarity with a certain danger (Yıldırım and Güler 2020). It is seen in the literature that risk perception is based on various theories. Personality theory, which is one of these theories, argues that the perceived risk of the individual depends on whether they like risk or not, and whether they choose to take the risk or avoid it (Wildavsky and Dake 1990). Another theory called the knowledge theory suggests that people perceive danger if they are aware of the danger and know it (Wildavsky and Dake 1990). Another theory is the protection motivation theory (Khosravi 2020). According to this theory, the public’s tendency to take protective measures is affected by a high level of perceived risk. It has been suggested that the severity and vulnerability in the public perception of a disease as a specific health threat is the determinant of the risk perception about the disease (Rogers 1975).