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Men With Co-occurring Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tara G. Matthews, Tom Alexander
The role of trauma in the development of both substance use disorder and an array of mental and physical health conditions is significant. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (Felitti et al., 1998) confirmed in a longitudinal study of over 17,000 participants that a positive correlation exists between childhood trauma/adversity and health-related conditions like substance use and mental health disorders later in life. In essence, trauma can be viewed as foundational to the development of many of the disorders that are discussed in this chapter. At times, trauma will result in a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Adverse Childhood Events and Trauma-Informed Care
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
In some cases, exposure to such traumatic and stressful experiences may cause individuals to acquire symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, easy startle response, recurrent intrusive thoughts, or traumatic nightmares.3 However, this is not necessarily always the case.
Mental health issues
Published in Sheila Broderick, Ruth Cochrane, Trauma and Birth, 2020
Sheila Broderick, Ruth Cochrane
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder caused by either experiencing or witnessing an event or series of events that have caused fear, distress or shock. Symptoms of PTSD can manifest physically, emotionally or psychologically: they include flashbacks, panic attacks, disturbed sleeping patterns and feelings of violence or complete helplessness. If a woman or her partner develop PTSD following a birth it is a sure sign that the birth was traumatic and their usual ways of coping with stress have been stretched beyond their capacity: the birth was so stressful they have developed a ‘disorder’.
Unilateral amygdala ablation: a potential treatment option for severe chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Lois Teye-Botchway, Jon T. Willie, Sanne J.H. van Rooij
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder that occurs when psychiatric symptoms, such as flashbacks, nightmares, and hyperarousal, develop after exposure to a traumatic event. Unfortunately, PTSD diagnoses and trauma exposure are prevalent in many communities today. About 70% of adults have experienced a traumatic event at least once, and lifetime PTSD estimates range between 6% and 9%, with even higher levels reported in at-risk or low-resourced populations [1–3]. Data shows that the increasing rates of PTSD in our communities constitute a public health crisis that warrants more attention, research, and better treatment. Although the recommended PTSD treatments, such as trauma-focused therapy, with or without medication, are successful for some patients, studies have found that about 30–50% of PTSD patients do not respond to current treatment options [4], which illustrates the importance of developing new methods and ways of treating this disorder.
The Value of Fidelity to The Scientist Practitioner Model in the Delivery of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Substance Misuse
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Taking the example of traumatized patients, let us now look at how the scientific part of The Scientist Practitioner Model is utilized in routine clinical practice in CBT. The substance misuse would appear to be a behavioural variable in the maintenance of their trauma-based presenting symptoms. These complex clinical presentations often feature high levels of anxiety that appears to meet diagnostic criteria as defined in DSM 5 for a wide range of Common Mental Health Disorders that we call the Anxiety Disorders. The vast majority of patients meet diagnostic criteria for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Global evidence of this is provided by previous researchers in Canada (Wiktorowicz, 2016, Kirby & Keon, 2006), Australia (Burns & Teesson, 2002; Ford et al., 2007), Vietnam (Giang et al., 2006) Ethiopia (Hanlon et al., 2008), and the Netherlands (Gielen et al., 2012). This has also been established within North Wales (Sims, 2019). The complexity of such presentations has been identified historically by previous researchers (Weaver et al., 2003, , 2009; Sims, 2019, 2020; Wright et al., 2016; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2016.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mental health comorbidity in firefighters
Published in Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 2022
Nattinee Jitnarin, Sara A. Jahnke, Walker S. C. Poston, Christopher K. Haddock, Christopher M. Kaipust
Firefighting is an inherently dangerous occupation with a broad range of emergency response operations, including fire suppression, responding to natural disasters and domestic attacks, and providing emergency medical services (Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2018). Thus, serving as a firefighter increases the risk of repeated exposure to physical and emotional trauma and occupational stressors. Such experiences have been associated with an increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Del Ben, Scotti, Chen, & Fortson, 2006; Jahnke, Poston, Haddock, & Murphy, 2016) and subclinical PTSD symptomatology (Tomaka, Magoc, Morales‐Monks, & Reyes, 2017). Evidence also suggests that frequent occurrence of job-related critical incidents can be as stressful for firefighters as exposure to major disasters (Jahnke et al., 2016; Sattler, Boyd, & Kirsch, 2014). The prevalence of PTSD among firefighters has been found to be greater than that found in the general U.S. population, 3–5% (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995; Kilpatrick et al., 2013), ranging from 6% to 37% (Del Ben et al., 2006; Haslam & Mallon, 2003; Tomaka et al., 2017). This discrepancy of PTSD prevalence in fire service and the general population is alarming and a significant concern because of the physical and mental comorbidities and disabilities associated with PTSD (Bowden, 1992; Kessler, 2000). Notably, the nature of firefighters’ repeated exposure to trauma increases their risk relative to the general population for trauma- and stress-related challenges (Jahnke et al., 2016).