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An Approach to Medical Emergencies in Forced Displacement Settings
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Natalie Roberts, Louisa Baxter, Maryam Omar, Halfdan Holger Knudsen, Clare Shortall
Effects of violence should be included in all health surveillance forms, recalling that SGBV not only affects women. Every opportunity should be taken to ensure safe identification and appropriate response to SGBV in women, men, girls and boys. Building on the confidentiality mentioned earlier, recorded SGBV data should not include personal identifiers. All staff should be trained to safely identify and appropriately respond to survivors of SGBV. This includes having a clear understanding of referral pathways and ensuring they are confidential.
Healthcare Data Organization
Published in Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam, Introduction to Computational Health Informatics, 2019
Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam
Direct concrete data used to de-identify a person is: 1) personal identifiers uniquely associated with the person – name, social security number, date-of-birth, date-of-death, driver license number, passport number, telephone number, fax number, insurance card number, health account number, vehicle serial number, IP address of the computer, biometric identifiers; 2) associated locations – home-address, geographic subdivision that is smaller than a state and postal code of residence; 3) identifiers related to hospital stay – hospital names, hospital bed-number, date-of-admission, date-of-discharge, medical record number and 4) other uniquely identifying characteristics such as employer name, spouse name, children names, personal photographs, race, ethnicity, languages spoken, gender and other specific classifications.
Infectious Disease Data from Surveillance, Outbreak Investigation, and Epidemiological Studies
Published in Leonhard Held, Niel Hens, Philip O’Neill, Jacco Wallinga, Handbook of Infectious Disease Data Analysis, 2019
In most countries, laws exist which grant special rights to public health authorities to collect data on infectious diseases in humans, animals, and institutions for public health surveillance. Unlike research, the data collection for the purpose of public health surveillance usually is not overseen by an ethical review board, and does not involve obtaining informed consent from participants. This arrangement creates ethical questions since it infringes on the privacy of individuals. To protect privacy, public health organizations, therefore, are bound by laws on how data should be handled in a confidential manner. A key measure to improve confidentiality is to remove personal identifying information wherever this is possible. However, some personal identifiers remain necessary, especially at local levels, to obtain follow-up information or to de-duplicate data. To improve confidentiality, surveillance data at national level is usually anonymized. However, by linking data sources (e.g., by probabilistic linkage methods), the usefulness of the data may be much increased but at the same time individuals may become identifiable. Linking data, therefore, is a controversial area in surveillance. Professionals involved in surveillance are usually bound by certain rules of conduct aimed at further improving confidentiality.
Post-marketing surveillance for the safety of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: a retrospective real-world study in China
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2023
Ruogu Meng, Rui Ma, Jianmei Wang, Peipei Liu, Zuoxiang Liu, Bingjie He, Zhike Liu, Yu Yang, Siyan Zhan
Data from the NRHIP was used in this real-world study. The Ningbo city is an economically developed large coastal city located on the east coastline of China. The NRHIP is an administrative and comprehensive database with healthcare data of the whole city residents from various sources, including all public hospitals and large private hospitals, primary medical institutions, and the center for disease control and prevention in the Ningbo city [14,15]. Data on diagnosis, prescriptions, medical examinations, and lab tests from electronic medical records (EMRs), data on vaccines, dates and sites of vaccination, and dosage from immunization programs, as well as data on prenatal examinations, birth deliveries, and newborn follow-ups from maternal and child management were collected by local physicians and gathered automatically into the NRHIP. And all these data could be linked by unique personal identifiers, such as identification numbers.
Incidence and prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Denmark from 1998 to 2018: a nationwide register-based study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2022
BG Soussi, RL Cordtz, S Kristensen, CS Bork, JH Christensen, EB Schmidt, C Torp-Pedersen, D Prieto-Alhambra, L Dreyer
We performed a nationwide register-based cohort study. Using data from Danish administrative registers, all RA diagnoses recorded in Denmark from 1998 to 2018 were identified in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) using the unique central personal registry number assigned to all Danish residents at birth or upon immigration (9, 10). This personal identifier allowed for accurate register linkage on an individual level. Individuals migrating to Denmark from 1998 onwards were not part of the study population in incidence estimations but were included in prevalence estimations. Using this approach, we tried to reduce the potential risk of non-true incident cases in incidence estimations. However, individuals immigrating to Denmark before 1998 were part of the study population in both prevalence and incidence calculations.
Radiological findings of orbital blowout fractures: a review
Published in Orbit, 2021
Ma ReginaPaula Valencia, Hidetaka Miyazaki, Makoto Ito, Kunihiro Nishimura, Hirohiko Kakizaki, Yasuhiro Takahashi
Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Ethics Committee approval was obtained from the IRB of our hospital; the study followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The IRB granted a waiver of informed consent for this study based on the ethical guidelines for medical and health research involving human subjects established by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology; and by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. The waiver was granted because the study was not an interventional study, and because it was difficult to obtain consent from patients who had been treated several years previously. Nevertheless, at the request of the IRB, we published an outline of the study on our university website that was available for public viewing; this also gave patients the opportunity to decline to participate; none did. Personal identifiers were removed from the records immediately after data acquisition.