China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Evaluation Process Guidelines
Published in Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier, Detecting Malingering and Deception, 2020
Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier
The evaluation should start on a general level in order to tap into the assessee’s stream of consciousness and style of thinking. Police commonly interrupt the interrogation of the accused before obtaining broad-banded information, thus losing the chance to observe the arrestee mentally working out details to the questions. Sometime during the initial part of the evaluation, the first in a pair of parallel test forms can be administered, followed by the second test toward the end of the session. These parallel test procedures include repeated measures of receptive vocabulary (e.g., Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test), visual recall (e.g., California Memory Test), and auditory discrimination (e.g., Auditory Discrimination Test), or other tests if the skills tapped by those tests are relevant to the issue of deception in a particular case. For example, the Shipley Institute of Living Scale or the Ravens Progressive Matrices can be administered to the accused in a sanity screening. This provides for parallel administration later or for comparison with WAIS-R scores. Regression equations permit the prediction of WAIS-R IQ scores from both the Shipley and the Ravens tests.
Methods and Procedures
Published in Richard A. Jonas, Jane W. Newburger, Joseph J. Volpe, John W. Kirklin, Brain Injury and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, 2019
Jane W. Newburger, Wypij David
Data were also collected on important correlates or determinants of infant development, including sociodemographic factors, such as family social class,22 maternal age, birth order, and infant gender; prenatal and perinatal factors, such as length of gestation, birth weight, and size for gestational age; and quality of the rearing environment.23,24 A test of verbal intelligence, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,25 was administered to one parent (in nearly all cases the mother). We evaluated the impact of a child’s illness and recovery on family members using the following instruments: the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales,26 the Social Readjustment Rating Scale,25 the Social Support Network Inventory,27 and the Parenting Stress Index.28
Williams–Beuren Syndrome
Published in Merlin G. Butler, F. John Meaney, Genetics of Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Hui Zhang, Barbara Pober, Cheryl Klaiman, Robert Schultz
Most young children with WBS have delays in the acquisition of language and in early speech (72). The median age for first words is about 2 years, and for first sentences, is about 3 years (73). Despite the slow start, over time, gains are made in some areas. One area of relative strength for individuals with WBS is in their basic vocabulary skills or lexicon. Early studies showed that relative to others as well as to their own abilities, individuals with WBS excel in the extent of their word knowledge (74,75); however, more recent research on a large cohort of children and adolescents with WBS studied with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) (76) found an average score of 66, indicating overall mild levels of delay for the group.
How we measure language skills of children at scale: A call to move beyond domain-specific tests as a proxy for language
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2023
Samuel D. Calder, Christopher G. Brennan-Jones, Monique Robinson, Andrew Whitehouse, Elizabeth Hill
Even as the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) has featured heavily in the context of an Australian longitudinal study, its use to identify child language difficulties has been discouraged (Dunn & Dunn, 1981). The reduced sensitivity of the PPVT to the presence of language functioning that is below average range is evident across multiple studies of preschool-aged children with and without diagnosed DLD (e.g. Jackson et al., 2019; Yarian et al., 2021). Indeed, researchers have suggested that the PPVT, including more recent versions, should not be used to determine eligibility for the criteria for language impairment (Spaulding et al., 2006). As to why the PPVT is associated with limited sensitivity to DLD, it is possible that its focus on single word recognition, in the absence of other critical aspects of language function, is of relevance (Frizelle et al., 2019). For instance, the measure does not assess known areas of deficit, such as phonological processing (Pennington & Bishop, 2009) and morphosyntax (Rice et al., 1998). Consequently, the PPVT provides very little insight into a child’s language capacity beyond their ability to match picture stimulus to spoken lexical items with three distractors. This may explain the nonstable trajectory of children with low vocabulary reported by Zubrick et al. (2015), especially when the experiential dependence of vocabulary acquisition in schooling years is considered. That is, children with low vocabulary may demonstrate marked growth once they have broadened their experiences at school.
Efficacy of auditory verbal therapy in children with cochlear implantation based on auditory performance – A systematic review
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2023
Augustina Noel, Manju Manikandan, Prawin Kumar
The outcome of speech and language development can be assessed with tools such as Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), Preschool Language Scale-3 (PLS-3), Preschool Language Scale-4 (PLS-4) and Rate of language development (RLD). A study conducted by Dornan et al. (2010) carried out various tests on 29 children to assess the speech and language domains using PLS-4, PPVT, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-3), and Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-2 (GFTA-2). These 29 children were divided into two groups, one with hearing impairment attending auditory-verbal therapy program (AVT group) and the other with typical hearing. Comparing the results of the pre- and post-tests after 50 months showed no significant differences between the groups. Hence, AVT is considered as an effective tool in these children with hearing impairment. Similarly, Hogan et al. (2008) found AVT is very effective in improving spoken language scores in 37 children with hearing loss attending therapy for 12 months. Spoken language scores using RLD were obtained at the beginning of the study and re-administered after 6 months. Overall, AVT is reported as a promising technique in younger children using cochlear implants in facilitating speech, language and cognition skills.
Acceptability of employment readiness measures in youth and young adults on the autism spectrum: a mixed-methods study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Krystle Wittevrongel, Wendy Mitchell, Michèle L. Hébert, David B. Nicholas, Jennifer D. Zwicker
Participants were included in the quantitative assessment of concurrent acceptability when they met the following eligibility criteria:EWC program enrolment. Enrolment criteria for EWC included a diagnosis of autism, being unemployed or underemployed, struggling to get and/or keep a job, seeking an opportunity to build workplace skills, openness to exploring different workplaces, age range of 15–29 years, and willingness to engage in a three-month manualized program for five hours per week.Provision of informed consent (including sufficient comprehension to provide informed consent).An age-equivalency (AE) score of at least 13 years on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-4 (PPVT-4) as administered and evaluated by EWC facilitators.