China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Chemosensory Disorders and Nutrition
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
Carl M. Wahlstrom, Alan R. Hirsch, Bradley W. Whitman
We also found that the complaint of hyperosmia is accompanied by a diminished sex drive. Perhaps detection of a competing pheromone may result in limbic system inhibition (Lee 1976). Or, hyperosmia may lead to olfactory reference syndrome with a contrite reaction and anxiety regarding bodily odors, triggering social isolation as a paranoid avoidance reaction (Hirsch 1990a).
Chemosensory Malingering
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Neurological Malingering, 2018
We also found that the complaint of hyperosmia is accompanied by a diminished sex drive. Perhaps detection of a competing pheromone may result in limbic system inhibition (Lee, 1976). Or, hyperosmia may lead to olfactory reference syndrome with a contrite reaction and anxiety regarding bodily odors, triggering social isolation as a paranoid avoidance reaction (Hirsch, 1990a).
Abnormalities of Smell
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Richard L. Doty, Steven M. Bromley
In most cases, hyperosmia reflects a patient’s heightened response to an odour, rather than an increased ability to smell, per se. This problem has been reported in some conditions associated with a change in hormone balance, such as in pregnancy and Addison’s disease (adrenal-cortical insufficiency), as well as head trauma, migraine, drug withdrawal, epilepsy (intericatal period), multiple-chemical sensitivity, and psychosis. While hyperosmia is relatively rare, dysosmia is more common. Usually dysosmia reflects dynamic alterations of degeneration or regeneration within the olfactory neuroepithelium over time, and it is not uncommon for patients who eventually develop anosmia to report having experienced weeks of dysosmia preceding the experience of anosmia. Dysosmia implies an olfactory system that is intact at least to some degree, as total smell loss does not typically accompany most cases of dysosmia.1 Severely debilitating, long-lasting, and intractable chronic dysosmias have been treated by surgical ablation of regions of the olfactory neuroepithelium, or by surgical removal of a diseased olfactory bulb or bulbs.31 Olfactory hallucinations or phantosmias can occur from a problem anywhere along the olfactory neural pathways, from the nose to the cortex. Sometimes they are associated with ictal epileptiform activity (e.g., simple partial seizures), nasal sinus disease (e.g., infection), and head trauma. If someone believes a smell is present (hallucination) and persistently gives this smell personal reference to outside events, despite contradicting evidence, this patient may suffer from olfactory reference syndrome – a depression-related disorder. In some cases, there may be a pathological correlate in the form of right hemispheric lesions.32 Olfactory agnosia is an extremely rare phenomenon, although it appears to be less commonly investigated than visual and auditory agnosia. It is associated with lesions of the right inferior temporal lobe and often linked to prosopagnosia (agnosia for familiar faces).
Review of epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common primary psychiatric causes of cutaneous disease
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
J. A. Krooks, A. G. Weatherall, P. J. Holland
The DSM-5 groups OCD and obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRDs) into the same chapter due to their overlap in diagnostic symptoms and comorbidity (20). Indeed, due to their comorbidity, clinicians should screen for other disorders in this category in patients already diagnosed with one or more related conditions (Table 4) (20). Specific disorders include OCD, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder, body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (BFRBDs), substance/medication-induced OCRD, OCRD due to another medical condition, and other specified OCRD and unspecified OCRD (20). Disorders in this category that most commonly present to dermatologists include olfactory reference syndrome (ORS); BDD; and BFRBD’s, particularly excoriation disorder (ExD), and trichotillomania (TTM).