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Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety
Published in Siegfried Kasper, Johan A. den Boer, J. M. Ad Sitsen, Handbook of Depression and Anxiety, 2003
Giovanni B. Cassano, Nicolò B. Rossi, Stefano Pini
The DSM-IV [6] has tentatively recognized a disorder composed of symptoms from two subclinical disorders: depression and anxiety. Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, however, has been placed in an appendix to the main text. It is one of a number of new categories that were suggested by consultants for possible inclusion in the DSM-IV [6] or a future edition, but lacked sufficient empirical backing to be included in the current nomenclature. The term “mixed anxiety-depression states” has been also proposed and incorporated into the ICD-10 [25].
Clinical utility of the GAD-7 in identifying anxiety disorders after traumatic brain injury
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Christopher N. Zachar-Tirado, Jacobus Donders
The data collection procedure was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Mary Free Bed Rehabilitation Hospital. The present study focused on using data collected from comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations that were conducted on an outpatient basis with informed consent. Administration of all measures was completed by Master’s level psychometrists or post-doctoral residents under the supervision of a neuropsychologist or by the neuropsychologists themselves. During the clinical interview and review of medical records, the patient’s premorbid history and characteristics were gathered. Post-injury final diagnoses of adjustment disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, other anxiety disorder (both specified and unspecified, including the condition formerly known as mixed anxiety/depressive disorder), major depressive disorder, or other condition were made according to DSM-5 criteria. These diagnoses were made by the attending board-certified neuropsychologist based on the clinical interview, behavioral observation, and various psychometric measures other than the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 (the nature of which tended to vary across patients).
The blurred line between anxiety and depression: hesitations on comorbidity, thresholds and hierarchy
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2020
Koen Demyttenaere, Elke Heirman
A second attempt to cope with these too high comorbidity rates was the creation and use of compound diagnoses: anxious depression (with multiple definitions), mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (MADD, both at threshold level), comorbid anxiety disorder and depressive disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (both at subthreshold level), cothymia, anxious distress specifier,… The acceptance or non-acceptance of these compound diagnoses is based on hesitations between categorical and dimensional, between threshold and subthreshold, between stability or liability over time. In this regard, it should be noted that DSM as well as ICD classifications are based on findings from thorough literature reviews and on findings from epidemiological data: prevalence, course, prognosis, treatment response, interrater reliability and diagnostic stability are just a few basic principles and translate the aim of bridging the boundary between clinical research and clinical practice. It is also worth recalling that the etymological meaning of diagnosis is the ‘knowledge of the difference’: the difference between normal and pathological and between disorder 1 and disorder 2.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HYPNOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF CHINESE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2018
Ling Chiu, Hing Wah Lee, Wai Keung Lam
This is a prospective randomized, controlled study of patients attending the Hypnotherapy Clinic of the Kowloon Hospital. They were patients attending follow-up in the psychiatric outpatient department of the Kowloon Hospital, and were referred to us by their attending doctors or clinical psychologists. None of the referred patients had received other forms of concurrent psychological treatment. They suffered from anxiety, depressive disorder, or mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. Sixty-two were recruited into the study from 2009 to 2012. They were ethnic Chinese and were competent to give informed consent. Patients with psychotic symptoms were excluded. We also did not include patients with severe hearing impairments. Recruited patients were given a brief introduction to the program (aim, method, and schedule). They were randomly assigned to either the study or control group. There were 29 participants in the study group and 33 in the control group. Participants were assessed by various clinical scales, including the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS), the Beck Depression Inventory BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).