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Personal Health Engagement
Published in Salvatore Volpe, Health Informatics, 2022
In addition to appropriate use of game-playing elements, app developers are increasingly grounding their capabilities in sound behavioral economics principles. Simple behavioral economics modifications can increase the effectiveness of gamification elements, such as using opt-out rather than opt-in enrollment, using social networks to support care, and harnessing the power of loss aversion.133 Incorporating broader behavioral economic principles in game design, as described in “The Top 5 Behavioural Economics Principles for Designers,” can increase both the effectiveness and the stickiness of apps.134
Addressing Hoarding in Home Care
Published in Danielle L. Terry, Michelle E. Mlinac, Pamela L. Steadman-Wood, Providing Home Care for Older Adults, 2020
A clinical interview around hoarding behavior should explore the patient’s perception of the problem, the onset, and precipitating factors, and, perhaps most importantly, identify the patient’s own terminology used to describe the clutter. For example, some patients may want to use the term “stuff”, others like “junk”, and others may have their own preferred term. Aligning with a patient’s terminology can be critical in building rapport in order to further address their hoarding behavior. Learning about the onset of hoarding may provide clues as to how the problem can be improved. For example, a different treatment plan may be required for a clutter problem that developed after the onset of cognitive or functional decline or after downsizing to a smaller apartment compared to someone who has been hoarding since childhood, and for whom HD runs in the family. Assessing for comorbid psychopathology is crucial, particularly for post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), substance use, and suicide risk. Life course and cohort factors can also impact treatment planning. For instance, patients who lived through the Great Depression or other situations of scarcity may have developed a pattern of loss aversion, hanging onto items “just in case” they are needed when resources are few. Hoarding behaviors may have the greatest impact on family, friends, and neighbors, and result in social isolation.
Patient-reported measures help find what matters most
Published in Thom Walsh, Finding What Matters Most to Patients, 2019
With advancing technology and increases in the number of chronic conditions, it became more common for providers and patients to face treatment decisions where there was no single superior option. Multiple options, each with their own risks and benefits, were possible, which meant a patient’s preferences and risk tolerance became important; however, personal preferences and loss aversion were not part of the typical evidence data set. This necessitated the move toward shared decision-making in patient care, in which the former “just the evidence” approach to care is being supplemented by models that favor more interaction with patients and their families. It was therefore inevitable that PROs would need to be incorporated into the decision-making process. However, efforts toward incorporating this data into EHRs, disease registries, and administrative data have only begun in recent years, and mostly in the area of clinical trials.
Fear of nosocomial HIV infection may be a barrier to HIV testing among young college and university students in Suzhou, China
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Wanqi Wang, Xiao Shi, Yifan Jiang, Hanrui Zhao, Jason J Ong, Dan Wu, Joseph D. Tucker, Fern Terris-Prestholt, Stephen W. Pan
Results of this DCE are among the first to indicate that perceptions of even extraordinarily small risks of nosocomial HIV infection may be sufficient to dissuade college and university students in China from HIV testing. This finding is consistent with the principle of loss aversion, whereby individuals are disproportionately averse to personal losses, even when the risk of loss is negligible.38 Given participants’ strong unwillingness to tolerate even a modicum of perceived risk of HIV nosocomial infection, interventions are needed to effectively allay fears of nosocomial HIV infection among college and university students in China. In addition, it is critical for future research to examine how loss aversion tendencies may be impacting uptake of other health services among university students in China.
Emotional stress & decision-making: an emotional stressor significantly reduces loss aversion
Published in Stress, 2021
Francisco Molins, Carla Ayuso, Miguel Ángel Serrano
Loss aversion values usually described in the literature are between 2 and 2.5 (Duke et al., 2018; Kahneman & Tversky, 1979; Tom et al., 2007). This means that participants accepted gambles if gains were at least 2 times as large as losses. In this study, control participants exhibited loss aversion values compatible with previous evidence. Yet, participants submitted to emotional stress accepted gambles when gains were just 1.43 times as large as losses, which indicates that this group was less loss averse. In addition, the logit parameter of the experimental group indicates that they made more consistent choices. This would be in line with the lower loss aversion as this bias is an emotional phenomenon which, when manifested, tends to lead to more impulsive and less rule-driven decisions. According to the salience-of-losses hypothesis (Metz et al., 2020), since emotional stress enhances the salience-network activity (Hermans et al., 2011), it should exacerbate the impact of losses on our perception and, therefore, behavioral loss aversion should increase. Our results do not support this.
Acute stress amplifies experienced and anticipated regret in counterfactual decision-making
Published in Stress, 2021
Yin Wu, Eric van Dijk, Hong Li
There is increasing interest in looking at the effects of stress on emotional decision-making. Part of this research focuses on the effects of chronic stress, but there is also increased attention to the effects of acute stress. As for chronic effects, prior research has focused on maladaptive decision-making among individuals with mood and anxiety disorders, which is usually associated with exposure to chronic stress (see Bishop & Gagne, 2018 for a review). For instance, low-anxious individuals exhibited increased loss aversion under emotional priming, and this emotional modulation of loss aversion was associated with a corresponding emotion-induced increase in amygdala-striatal functional connectivity (Charpentier et al., 2016). Moreover, individuals with pathological anxiety demonstrated enhanced risk aversion rather than loss aversion in economic decision-making (Charpentier et al., 2017). Patients with major depressive disorder demonstrated hyper-sensitivity to losses in the anterior insula, suggesting abnormal emotional processing (Engelmann et al., 2017).