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The Psychological Aspect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Published in Adam Gledhill, Dale Forsdyke, The Psychology of Sports Injury, 2021
The second factor is locus of control, which refers to having the belief that there is a relationship between actions and outcomes. There are two types of locus of control, internal or external. An internal locus of control is the belief that you have control of your own life, whereas an external locus of control is the belief that your life is controlled by chance or outside factors, which you cannot influence. Locus of control may thus also contribute to an athlete's sense of self-efficacy. Athletes who have a high internal locus of control score higher on subjective outcomes following ACL reconstruction as well as reporting greater overall knee function (Nyland et al., 2006). Locus of control has also been shown to be a predictor of returning to sport at 12 months after ACL reconstruction surgery (Ardern, Taylor, Feller, & Whitehead et al., 2013).
The clinician-patient interaction
Published in Paul M.W. Hackett, Christopher M. Hayre, Handbook of Ethnography in Healthcare Research, 2020
Internal locus of control promotes healthy behaviors in patients, reduced health-damaging behaviors, and accelerated disease recovery. Heart patients with internal locus of control were released from intensive care and returned to work faster than were heart patients with external locus of control (Bergvik, Sørlie, & Wynn, 2012; Gabay, 2015, 2016; Lefcourt, 2014; Schwarzer, 2014). A retrospective study found that internal locus of control was a factor in reducing the number of readmissions in chronically ill patients (Gabay & Moskowitz, 2012). According to these findings, communication with the patient may enhance patient’s perceived control by inspiring and assisting the patient to think of the resources in her environment, both internal and external, which she can use to improve her health (forums, mobile phone reminders for drug use) (Gabay, 2016; Gabay & Moskowitz, 2012; Gray-Stanley, Muramatsu, Heller, Hughes, Johnson, & Ramirez-Valles, 2010).
Help people to grow
Published in Amar Rughani, Joanna Bircher, The Leadership Hike, 2020
For many years, psychologists have researched the concept of ‘locus of control’. The GPs and allied clinicians are used to considering this when consulting with patients who may benefit from a lifestyle change to improve their health. Our ‘locus of control’ is where we believe the control over our destiny lies, whether within our own hands or controlled by external factors, outwith our influence. If we have a strong internal locus of control and believe we can influence our own outcomes, this results in more active participation in managing, for example, our own health. If we have a strong external locus of control then we feel no power over our future and instead passively wait for things to happen to us, with no attempt to influence it. Many factors will have influenced the development of our ‘locus of control’ including childhood experiences and previous experiences in a work environment. In our workplace, team members with an external locus of control will struggle with the daily problem-solving needed at the front line of general practice. Lack of delegation can entrench an external locus of control as staff become conditioned to await instructions passively rather than develop their role or skills.
Racial and ethnic minority disparities in COVID-19 related health, health beliefs and behaviors, and well-being among students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Janet P. Trammell, PhD, Nataria T. Joseph, PhD, Jennifer A. Harriger, PhD
Although we hypothesized that only Black students would report more negative COVID-related beliefs and threat than White students, results suggest instead that Asian and Latinx students perceived COVID-19 more negatively and as more threatening than White students. The assessed health beliefs directly and indirectly tap into health locus of control, i.e., the extent to which a person perceives that the acquiring, manifestation, and course of an illness is within their control. Studies have long suggested that those from Asian cultures and those from minority cultures in general perceive less control over their lives and health locus of control is no different.41 It is also possible that optimistic bias may be operating given that a meta-analysis found that, especially among students, perceived control and optimistic bias are correlated.42 Studies have found cultural differences in optimistic bias with White Americans being more likely than those from Asian cultures to exhibit optimistic bias.43 Optimistic bias in the case of COVID-19 would involve underestimating one’s risk for acquiring the infection or one’s vulnerability with respect to serious complications of the infection. These results suggest that public health campaigns (such as to encourage the use of face coverings or social distancing, for example) should take into account the varying beliefs regarding COVID-19 threat.
Post-stroke emotionalism (PSE): a qualitative longitudinal study exploring individuals’ experience with PSE
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Sophie Fitzgerald, Fergus Gracey, Niall Broomfield
The ability to control episodes of emotionalism varied for participants as well as changing over time for some participants. Locus of control refers to an individual’s belief about the ability to change a situation [40]. Research has shown a relationship between locus of control and recovery from disability and rehabilitation in people with stroke [41]. An individual’s perceptions of their ability to control their circumstances following a stroke is an important factor to consider in an individual’s recovery as they may believe their ability to recover is due to chance or medical staff have control over their condition and this could impact engagement in rehabilitation [42]. Some participants described the ability to control an episode of emotionalism at the onset, which then allowed them to engage in coping strategies. However, participants who highlighted barriers to control emphasised the difficulty to find helpful ways to reduce the emotional intensity. This highlights key information regarding how the ability to control can influence an individual’s perception and action, which would be important to incorporate in future psychological interventions. Increasing an individuals’ internal locus of control is important as if they believe that health is determined by oneself this could positively impact behaviour performance and lead to better health outcomes [43].
A laboratory medical anamnesis interview elicits psychological and physiological arousal
Published in Stress, 2022
Sarah C. Sturmbauer, Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger, Simon Schmelzle, Nicolas Rohleder
As medical settings come along with many uncertainties for the patient (e.g. new interventions, hospitalization, upcoming procedures), and often include loss of control, it is the healthcare providers’ responsibility to provide a setting that fosters understandable communication and ensures good decision making. Before starting a care plan or undergoing any procedure, patients are confronted with consultations, but our knowledge on the experience of stress (and its consequences) during medical consultations is limited. Previous research has shown that patient’s reactions to medical situations as well as poor medical communication has negative consequences for the adherence to a treatment plan leading to less health literacy and poor compliance (Arbuthnott & Sharpe, 2009; Esfandiari et al., 2020; García-Llana et al., 2014; Karvinen et al., 2013; Miller, 2016). Emotional arousal induced by breaking bad news for instance impaired the recall of relevant medical information (e.g. van Osch et al., 2014). Moreover, research on cancer patients has shown that poor communication could severely impact psychological well-being of patients, leading to social, emotional and high economic costs (Lehmann et al., 2009; Thorne et al., 2005).