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Social status and disadvantage
Published in S. Alexander Haslam, Psychological Insights for Understanding COVID-19 and Society, 2020
Catherine Haslam, Jolanda Jetten, Tegan Cruwys, Genevieve Dingle, S. Alexander Haslam
These findings make it clear that there is more to health disparities between groups of different status than merely physiological differences between subordinates and dominants. In other words, there is no genetic or biological difference between subordinate and dominant groups (in either animals or humans) that makes either group healthier or fitter for survival at birth. Moreover, it appears that biological stress responses that are associated with poor health are not simply a function of differences in social status. Instead, studies that have examined changing status hierarchies indicate that the relationship between social status and health is shaped in important ways by social context and, in particular, reflects the dynamics of experienced and anticipated intergroup relations.
Why is There Still Racism If There is No Such Thing as “Race”?
Published in Walter J. Lonner, Dale L. Dinnel, Deborah K. Forgays, Susanna A. Hayes, Merging Past, Present, and Future in Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2020
To approach a conclusion, let me remind you of the question we began with in the title. Why do we still have racism if there is no such thing as “race”? In other words, why are intergroup relations so often negative, particularly when they are treated as inter-racial? Ethnocentrism theory provides one answer
Indigenous Education in Australia
Published in Kenneth I. Mavor, Michael J. Platow, Boris Bizumic, Self and Social Identity in Educational Contexts, 2017
Diana M. Grace, Michael J. Platow
This historical evidence of Indigenous education in post-white settlement Australia is clearly one characterised by conflictual – if not outright violent – intergroup relations. Intergroup relations are the core of social identity theory (Tajfel, 1978; Tajfel and Turner, 1979, 1986). Decades of theoretical and empirical research have explicated the mechanisms by which members of groups work to maintain, diminish or traverse intergroup boundaries. Central to this are three concepts outlined by Tajfel and Turner (1979) that, independently and in interaction, continue to explain a range of intergroup processes.
Stereotype Application at the Intersection of Body Shape, Gender/Sex, and Sexual Orientation
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2023
Flora Oswald, Amanda Champion, Devinder Khera, Madeline Young, Cory L. Pedersen
Evidence supports that stereotypes about fat men differ from stereotypes about men generally, while stereotypes about fat men and fat women also differ (though the latter do show more overlap; see, Oswald et al., 2020). Stereotypes thus are not unilaterally applied to identities such as man or fat (as is inherently assumed in traditional stereotyping research), but rather consider the intersecting identity categories of the target (though the processes by which this occurs are contested, see, Petsko & Bodenhausen, 2020). Given that intergroup relations – including processes such as stereotyping and prejudice – are grounded in perception (Xiao et al., 2016), perception of intersectional targets can be used as a starting point for understanding intersectional stereotyping and concomitant prejudice.
Humanitarian interventions and psychosocial training programs
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2022
Lucia Berdondini, Jeeda Alhakim
The course intends to inform the practice of workers in the sector in several ways, for example – how emergencies can affect mental health and alter family, community and political systems, how best we can support international and national staff’s wellbeing during and post emergencies, how best to work with Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and refugees and how to improve intergroup relations. In order to support future psychosocial practitioners further, the program team worked to implement the introduction of two new optional modules which began running in January 2022. These modules offer a foundation in counselling skills and mental health (with a specific view on how these can be applied within the humanitarian sector) and an understanding and working knowledge of intercultural counselling practices and processes including diverse idioms of distress, explanatory health models and help-seeking behaviours. The modules are informed by up to date theories, research findings and practices within the field of counselling and mental health and intend to support practitioners with developing an ability to apply these skills in one-to-one and group psychosocial programs.
Social Network Cohesion among Veterans Living in Recovery Homes
Published in Military Behavioral Health, 2021
Mayra Guerrero, Leonard A. Jason
The social identity theory (SIT; Tajfel & Turner, 1979; 1986) can also be used to understand why veterans may more easily form cohesive ties with each other. SIT is a social psychological theory of intergroup relations and the social self. The theory emphasizes the importance of group memberships and their significant effects on behavior. SIT postulates that people define their sense of self in terms of group memberships. People have a repertoire of discrete group memberships that differ in the extent to which they are perceived to be psychologically meaningful descriptors of the self (Haslam et al., 2009; Hogg et al., 1995; Roccas & Brewer, 2002; Oakes, 1987; Sani & Bennett, 2009; Stryker, 1980). Self-categorization and social comparison are two critical socio-cognitive processes involved in social identity formation and intergroup relations that result in the accentuation of the perceived similarities between the self and the in-group, and the accentuation of the differences between the out-group and the self (Ashforth & Mael, 1989; Stets & Burke, 2000).