China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dementia
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
In the sporadic form, around 60% will have periodic sharp wave complexes in their EEG (compared to 30% of people with AD),56 around 90% will have 14-3-3 protein in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).56–58 However, 14-3-3 protein is a normal cellular component and its presence in the CSF is merely a marker of cell turnover.58 It may be present following cerebral insults such as a stroke. It has been detected in 10% of people with non-CJD dementia.56–58 MRI scanning has demonstrated signal hyperintensity in the basal ganglia in 67% of patients with CJD compared to just 7% of non-CJD dementia control subjects.59 The use of diffusion-weighted MRI may further increase diagnostic accuracy.60 Autopsy studies have found the commonest misdiagnosis in older people is rapidly progressive AD.61 The combination of clinical criteria and a CSF positive for 14-3-3 protein or a suggestive EEG has high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. 57,58
Body
Published in Lisa Zammit, Georgeanne Schopp, Relational Care, 2022
Lisa Zammit, Georgeanne Schopp
Each insult creates a scar. It may be visible (an amputation) or microscopic (a permanently malfunctioning alveoli). Insults are cumulative, leading to the loss of health. Cellular sentience, the natural process of aging, contributes to this gradual decline.
Trauma Physiology and Metabolism
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
An understanding of the body’s complex responses to trauma not only facilitates optimal clinical management but offers an explanation of the frequently variable and unpredictable outcomes in individual patients. Clinicians and scientists are becoming increasingly aware of the various responses to traumatic insult and every increase in knowledge offers a potential field for effective therapeutic intervention.
Why are There STILL No Gay Professional Association Football Players in Men’s Major Leagues? Revisiting the Views of Football Fans in the United Kingdom
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2023
Ellis Cashmore, Kevin Dixon, Jamie Cleland
Thus, the challenge for a researcher is not to make the illogical logical, but to find meaning in the meaningless. Our participants do not consider themselves homophobic and yet many have heard homophobic chants or remarks they consider malicious or toxic. Others have heard them but consider them harmless and part of football’s banter. Football culture, like everything else, has been affected by the shifts in values, mores, and lifestyle over the past decade; football traditions change too. But not all of them: the customary exchange of insults remains. These insults can be jocular, but they can also be scathing. To outsiders, they might sound abrasive, venomous, or just plain nasty. To football fans, they are part of the usual raillery that accompanies games and to expunge them would be to deprive football culture of one of its time-honored features.
Optimal diagnosis and management of common nail disorders
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
For onychomadesis and retronychia, ultrasound imaging can help confirm the diagnosis by better visualising the defect under the proximal nail fold [132,151]. It may also help rule out conditions like subungual tumours or reveal abscesses. For onychomadesis, two nail plate fragments (proximal and distal) are usually seen. Ultrasound imaging can also determine an approximate timeframe for when the initial insult occurred. This is particularly useful for investigating a causal agent when multiple, continuous factors are being considered [132]. In retronychia, ultrasound imaging will reveal a thickened nail plate beneath the proximal nail fold. The presence of two or more superimposed nail plates is a confirmatory finding [148]. Further, colour Doppler ultrasounds can be used as an adjunct to identify areas of blood flow. This can help determine if a more invasive treatment option, including nail plate avulsion, is necessary.
Clinimetric properties of visuo-perceptual and visuo-cognitive assessment tools used for children with cerebral visual impairment and cerebral palsy or developmental delay: a systematic review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Swetha Sara Philip, Andrea Guzzetta, Glen A. Gole, Roslyn N. Boyd
To understand the unique clinical patterns of visual dysfunction and its association with CP or DD, it is vital to ascertain the extent, location and the aetiology of the brain damage resulting in CVI and CP/DD [29,30]. The patterns of brain structural injury, well documented with the help of magnetic resonance imaging MRI [31], are determined by three factors: (i) the gestational age of the developing foetal brain at the time of insult, (ii) the severity of the insult, and (iii) duration of the insult [32,33]. Injury to the developing foetal brain in the first and second trimester results in brain malformations including microcephaly, pachygyria, schizencephaly, and polymicrogyria [34]. White matter damage (WMD) including periventricular leucomalacia (PVL) and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) occurs due to insult in the late second trimester and early third trimester (24–36 weeks of gestation) [35–37]. Late third trimester brain damage occurs secondary to hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), affecting the deep cortical grey matter and subcortical structures including basal ganglia and thalamus [32].