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Patient autonomy and criminal law
Published in Paweł Daniluk, Patient Autonomy and Criminal Law, 2023
Under Art. 120, Part 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation the same crime committed against a person who is in the state of helplessness, which is well known to the guilty person, or in material or any other dependence on this guilty person, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of two to five years, with the deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or with the permanent deprivation of such right. In judicial practice, the state of helplessness means when a person is unable to defend or protect himself or herself from a criminal because of his or her physical or mental condition.22 They can be seriously ill, elderly or incapacitated persons. Material dependence means a situation in which the victim is dependent fully or partially on the criminal, or he/she is forced to live in his house, etc. Another type of dependence is interpreted as the victim's dependence from service or work, the dependence of a patient from a medical official, a student from a teacher, etc.
The agony of reason
Published in David Bain, Michael Brady, Jennifer Corns, Philosophy of Suffering, 2019
Matthew Fulkerson, Jonathan Cohen
This picture gathers support from the observation that suffering and reasons hang together in surprisingly durable ways, even in cases where one might have expected the two to come apart. Thus, for example, it is interesting that those incapable of physical suffering (e.g., pain asymbolics and those with severe leprosy) tend to ignore proposed replacement harm signals (say, ringing bell sounds or flashing lights) unless the intensity of these signals is increased to a point that induces genuine suffering: it would appear that signals that fail to induce suffering just do not compel motivationally/rationally in the way that suffering does (Auvray et al. 2010; Brand and Yancey 1993).2 Or, again, it is interesting that canonical descriptions of learned helplessness (e.g., in clinical depression or as a result of uncontrolled stress) involve both a lack of affect and a lack of motivation (Abramson et al. 1978). In a similar vein, it is interesting that cornered prey animals both freeze (stop being compelled to act) and release pain-masking endogenous opioids (thereby presumably mitigating suffering) just at the time when suffering ceases to be adaptively or motivationally useful (Amit and Galina 1986).3
The Price of Caring
Published in Shamit Kadosh, Asaf Rolef Ben-Shahar, Incorporating Psychotherapeutic Concepts and Interventions Within Medicine, 2019
Shamit Kadosh, Asaf Rolef Ben-Shahar
Compassion fatigue has been referred to as the emotional ‘cost of caring’ for others. It is understood as a stress response emerging suddenly as a consequence of working with people who have experienced stressful events. Possible symptoms include helplessness, confusion, isolation, exhaustion, and dysfunction (Figley, 1995; Rudolph et al., 1997).
The many faces of depression among oncology patients
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2020
Dasul Jin, Kristen A. B. Kim, Jason Domogauer, Rashi Aggarwal
These patients acknowledge changes to their mood since their cancer diagnosis but accept these changes as a natural and inevitable part of their medical illness rather than a separate psychiatric process. They frequently endorse that they are not as active or happy as they were prior to their diagnosis. However, when queried whether they believe that these are depressive symptoms, they deny it and attribute their symptoms wholly to external causes, specifically the cancer, associated physical symptoms, and treatments. These patients view their mood-related symptoms as unavoidable and believe that nothing can be done to alleviate them. Such a belief of helplessness is concerning as it may discourage patients from disclosing their symptoms to their providers and accepting mental health treatment.
How do adolescents with ADHD perceive and experience stress? An interview study
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2020
Caisa Öster, Mia Ramklint, Jenny Meyer, Johan Isaksson
Stress and ADHD seem to be closely intertwined, and stress should be considered among other problems related to ADHD. This study showed that stress was linked to feelings of helplessness and lack of control, and consequently, symptoms of anxiety and ill-health. School proved to be a major source of stress, highlighting the need to consider whether the school environment could be adjusted to suit the needs of these adolescents, especially given that stress enhanced the manifestations of their symptoms with increased postponing of schoolwork and emotional dysregulation. Two other sources of stress were unpredictability and peer relationships. Potential domains of interventions brought to our attention were the need to generate more knowledge on stress management and self-efficacy, coaching, acceptance and preventive strategies. These interventions should be included in treatment programs for adolescents with ADHD.
Fathers Don’t Cry: On Gender, Kinship, and the Death Drive
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2020
One has to read this paragraph several times before its frightening turn of reason can register. It is hard to believe, but what Freud says here is that life becomes fuller, more interesting, if we surrender to this image of senseless carnage. Is he speaking from the position of soldiers? Clearly not. This entire paper is a manifesto of disidentification. He is speaking from the position of a horrified spectator whose horror turns into excitement. Reading these lines, pain becomes attractive, destruction becomes exciting. We are witnessing a chilling S&M scene, where violence is internalized and cathected. Horror outside becomes desire inside. Where there was fear, there is now violent libido driving a determined ego. Helplessness turns into something active and powerful. Dying is no longer threatening, it is seductive. And ergo, death becomes a drive.