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Biological Effects of Ayurvedic Formulations
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
G.R. Arun Raj, Kavya Mohan, R. Anjana, Prasanna N. Rao, U. Shailaja, Deepthi Viswaroopan
Tubaki et al. (2003) explored its efficacy in patients with a generalized anxiety disorder (G.A.D.) with comorbid generalized social phobia. Seventy-two patients with G.A.D. with comorbid social phobia were randomly divided into three treatment groups. Groups 1 and 2 received Mānasamitra vaṭaka (100 mg twice daily for 30 days). Group 2, in addition to Mānasamitra vaṭaka, was treated with Śirōdhāra (therapy involving dripping of medicated oil over the forehead) for the first seven days. Group 3 received clonazepam 0.75 mg daily in divided dose for 30 days. The study was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (E.S.S.), World Health Organization Quality of Life B.R.E.F., and Clinical Global Impression Scales (improvement and efficacy). Patients of all the groups showed a significant reduction in clinical parameters. Nevertheless, improvement in E.S.S. was observed only in Group 2. The treatment outcome was comparable between the three groups. This is the first study conducted on the efficacy of Mānasamitra vaṭaka in anxiety disorders, and the results indicate that Mānasamitra vaṭaka is effective in the management of G.A.D. with comorbid generalized social phobia.
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Several clinical trials have provided evidence of antidepressant effects of lavandula in humans. In a 70-day, randomized, placebo-controlled study of mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (ICD-10 F41.2), Silexan (a proprietary lavender oil preparation) significantly reduced scores on the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. It also significantly reduced anxiety per the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Compared to placebo, the patients treated with Silexan had a better overall clinical outcome and showed more pronounced improvements of impaired daily living skills and health related quality of life.22
Depressive Phase of Bipolar Disorder
Published in Dr. Ather Muneer, Mood Disorders, 2018
Levetiracetam (LVT) is a broad spectrum antiepileptic used to treat partial epilepsy, with or without secondary generalization, in children, as well as adults. It has a novel mechanism of action, exerting its effects by binding to the SV2A synaptic vesicle glycoprotein, inhibiting the P/Q type presynaptic calcium channels through an intracellular pathway and resulting in the suppression of glutamate transmission. It has been investigated in BD during acute affective exacerbations, and in treatment refractory patients mostly as an adjunctive agent. While there is evidence of efficacy in subjects experiencing manic, mixed and depressive episodes in non-randomized and open-label trials, this has not been confirmed in RCTs. A single published RCT in acute depression in BD type I and II subjects was conducted with a trial duration of six weeks. The primary efficacy measure was HRSD-21 and secondary evaluation was through MADRS, CGI-BP, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and YMRS. Forty-two cases were randomly assigned to the active agent or placebo; LVT was flexibly administered and the mean dose was 1132 mg/d at endpoint, with the results reported using the Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) method. At endpoint, adjunctive LVT was no better than placebo on primary and secondary outcomes. Under controlled circumstances, add-on LVT was ineffective in treating adult patients with acute bipolar depression.23
Depressive symptoms in early alcohol or opioid abstinence: course & correlates
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2022
Prabhat Sapkota, Surendra K. Mattoo, Tathagata Mahintamani, Abhishek Ghosh
The course of various other clinical characteristics like the severity of dependence, withdrawal and anxiety are depicted in Table 5. The baseline mean score of Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking scale was 46.68 ± 12.13, which decreased to 13.65 ± 6.67, 4.00 ± 5.08, 1.14 ± 2.35, 0.12 ± 0.54 at the end of first, second, third and fourth weeks respectively. The last observation of the mean score of the same scale further reduced to 0.14 ± 0.85, showing a persistent decreasing trend in the scoring of the severity of DSM-5 terminology among participants. The baseline mean score of Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol was 10.31 ± 4.09, which decreased to 4.04 ± 2.94, 1.86 ± 1.95, 0.83 ± 1.23, 0.26 ± 0.44 at the end of first, second, third and fourth weeks respectively. The last observation of the mean score was 0.26 ± 0.44 which indicates a decreasing trend in the severity of alcohol withdrawal among the study subjects. The baseline mean score of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was 16.21 ± 6.83, which reduced to 7.58 ± 5.77, 4.31 ± 5.00, 2.00 ± 3.40, 0.92 ± 2.32 at the end of first, second, third and fourth weeks respectively. The last observation of the mean score was 0.30 ± 0.91, indicating a decreasing trend of the severity of anxiety symptoms in the alcohol-dependent participants.
Childhood Maltreatment, Bullying Victimization, and Psychological Distress Among Gay and Bisexual Men
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2018
Trevor A. Hart, Syed W. Noor, Julia R. G. Vernon, Ammaar Kidwai, Karen Roberts, Ted Myers, Liviana Calzavara
Anxiety was measured using two scales: the anxiety subscale of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory–Trait Version (STAI-T-Anxiety; Bieling, Antony, & Swinson, 1998; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM–A; Hamilton, 1959, 1969). The STAI-T is a 20-item scale measuring trait anxiety, which refers to anxiety generally experienced by a person as a stable, nondynamic trait. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (almost never) to 4 (almost always). Sample items include “I feel nervous and restless” and “I worry too much over something that really doesn’t matter.” In this sample, internal consistency of the anxiety subscale was good (α = .88). The HAM–A is a 14-item clinician-administered scale designed to measure the severity of anxiety symptoms. Each item is scored on a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (not present) to 4 (severe), and the total scores range from 0 to 56. In this sample, Cronbach’s α was .83.
The Gut-Brain-Microbiome Connection: Can Probiotics Decrease Anxiety and Depression?
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Jennifer Maybee, Tamera Pearson, Lydia Elliott
Major variables studied included participant-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, and quality of life, as well as other manifestations of mood disorders, such as insomnia. Most studies used a verified measurement tool to obtain this data, both at the beginning of the study to obtain a baseline, and then after the intervention of probiotic supplementation or placebo. The most common measurement tools included the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, all of which have been tested for validity. A full list of all measurement tools used are listed in Table 1.