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Environmental resources 1
Published in Tony Cassidy, Stress, Cognition and Health, 2023
Another approach to network analysis is provided by Kahn and Antonucci (1980), who coined the phrase “convoys over the life course”, thereby recognising the need not only to identify the support network but to recognise its development over time. A person will have different configurations of networks as they develop, and the network will change as some connections are lost and others gained. Kahn and Antonucci (1980) drew on Bronfenbrenner’s social ecological theory (1979) to differentiate between different layers of the network viewed as a concentric circle. Thus, there will be immediate family, intimate friendships etc. in the inner layer (closest to the person), then less-intimate friends, work colleagues and so on through more distant family, professionals and neighbours. The suggestion is that inner layers of the network are likely to be more stable over time with the outer layers varying with changes in occupation, development through education and so on.
A closing comment on the policy and politics of implementing Football as Medicine
Published in Peter Krustrup, Daniel Parnell, Football as Medicine, 2019
Daniel Parnell, Søren Bennike, Laila Ottesen, Paul Widdop
The state-funded model observed in Denmark offers a perspective of consideration for researchers, practitioners and policymakers not only in the UK but globally. It prompts us to reflect on the Football as Medicine model (see Krustrup and Krustrup 2018; Figure 17.1). In doing so, we have adapted the Krustrup and Krustrup model to go beyond our current focus on personal and interpersonal examination in greater detail. To do this, we have incorporated aspects of ecological theory, i.e., institutional, community and policy to develop the model. Despite evidence that football is medicine (and does work for health promotion and delivering on public health outcomes), broader forces are at play in enabling what we know to be implemented.
Classification and Systematics
Published in Jacques Derek Charlwood, The Ecology of Malaria Vectors, 2019
Although his book was called The Origin of Species, Darwin did not actually describe how they might arise. Coluzzi et al. (1985) described the ecological theory of species origin. Basically, in this model speciation occurs when some habitats at the edge of a species distribution (likely to be marginal habitats) are occupied, often as a group of populations that are separated by space (in other words as a metapopulation). These spatially separated populations interact as individual members move from one population to another but are liable to extinction and recolonisation. Eventually, the populations occupying these habitats adapt to them so that they become the new optimal ‘habitat’. Should the adaptation include modifications to the animals mating behaviour, then they will become separate species.
The association between adverse childhood experiences and depression symptoms in older adults in China: An analysis of the China health and retirement study
Published in International Journal of Mental Health, 2023
Mingying Fang, Mark A. Ferro, Joel A. Dubin, Mark Oremus
Unfavorable childhood living conditions, namely rural residence (the tumult of China’s post-Revolutionary history had a greater deleterious impact on rural areas), unsafe neighborhoods, and insufficient food were positively associated with depression symptoms in old age. These findings aligned with several studies (Hughes et al., 2017; Li & Lumey, 2017; Shen & Zeng, 2014; Wen & Gu, 2011; Yi et al., 2007) conducted in different settings, suggesting universal mechanisms underlie the association between childhood living conditions and depression symptoms in old age (Shi, 1993; WHO, 2016). Disadvantageous living conditions in childhood can restrict the development of immune function and negatively affect self-esteem, personal traits, and coping strategies, all of which pose detrimental consequences for health throughout the life course. Indeed, ecological theory suggests negative health outcomes stem from a variety of factors in a child’s environment, including the surrounding community (Georgiev et al., 2016; Wen & Gu, 2011). In China, intense deprivation during World War II and the Civil War, continuing famine and political upheaval during Mao Zedong’s era, and subsequent marketization and urbanization produced long-term exposures to disadvantaged environments that could have enhanced depression symptomatology in later life.
A Call for Help?: How Public School Principals’ Subjective Report of Institutional Weakness Relates to Disciplinary Incidents
Published in Journal of School Violence, 2020
Though it would be tempting to target offending students as the primary source of the problem, it is most helpful to view disciplinary infractions under a larger environmental, socio-ecological, or multi-systemic lens (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Golden & Earp, 2012; Henggeler & Schaeffer, 2016). Specifically, under socio-ecological theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), the broader environment is what ultimately contributes to individuals’ behaviors. As it pertains to schools, both the physical plant of the school (e.g., the number of areas where students can go unobserved) and the broader campus climate (defined by five vectors: safety, teaching and learning, interpersonal relationships, institutional relationships, and staff relationships) have been found to be associated with student conduct and outcomes (Bonell et al., 2013; Kutsyuruba, Klinger, & Hussain, 2015). That said, public school principals serve as liaisons between the broader institutional environment and the individual student offender (Dyer & Carothers, 2000). Specifically, as principals work directly with student offenders (sometimes even visiting their homes in order to improve the students’ chances of success), a principal must also apply institutional regulations in their work (Wallace Foundation, 2013). Thus, a principal’s assessment of their institution’s strengths and weaknesses, especially as it pertains to school crime, is of paramount importance in terms of understanding disciplinary incidents as a phenomenon.
The Deinstitutionalization of Psychiatric Hospitals in Ghana: An Application of Bronfenbrenner’s Social-Ecological Model
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
The macrosystem, the biggest community within Bronfenbrenner’s Social Ecological Theory encompassed the micro, meso, and exosystems. The macrosystem as an environment is very far from where the person living with mental illness resides, but very significant or influential on the daily life of the patient. Within the macrosystem are the cultural belief systems, economic, and political environments that indirectly control all activities within the other three sub-systems where the patient mostly interacts (Stokols, 2018). Societal norms and values play essential role in the mental patient’s social development. For example, societal norms and values could either heighten or decrease stigmatization and discrimination against mental illness within a particular community. Furthermore, the economic and political stability with respect to good public policies provide a lens or framework to guide mental health professionals in decision-making regarding the care of their patients. The macrosystem, therefore, has power to influence personal growth within and among other systems which are close to the patient with mental disorders.