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The Treatment of Eating Disorders
Published in Jonna Fries, Veronica Sullivan, Eating Disorders in Special Populations, 2017
Jonna Fries, Veronica Sullivan
DBT is conducted in multiple modalities including individual psychotherapy, skill training groups, coaching by telephone, and use of a therapist consultation team. The therapy is structured to achieve the client's goals. Clients are taught emotion regulation skills, skills to reduce maladaptive emotional responses, and dysfunctional impulsivity. They are taught how to self-soothe and to survive crises resiliently. Clients are also taught assertiveness skills that are consistent with maintaining relationships while also cultivating self-respect (Neacsiu et al. 2012).
Assessing Person Fit in Typical-Response Measures
Published in Steven P. Reise, Dennis A. Revicki, Handbook of Item Response Theory Modeling, 2014
As a second example, consider a clinical scenario in which dysfunctional impulsivity is assessed by means of a test. Consider now: (a) a respondent who is not interested in the assessment and who answers many of the items randomly, and (b) a respondent who answers honestly but who tends to make a disproportionate use of the scale endpoints in many of the items (i.e., an extreme respondent). In both cases the trait estimate of the respondent is likely to be biased, and in case (a) it is probably meaningless. Now, if these estimates were interpreted as if they were valid trait indicators, the assessment of these individuals would probably be highly distorted.
Personality and impulsivity as antecedents of occupational health in the construction industry
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Sonia González-Recio, Maria Boada-Cuerva, María-José Serrano-Fernández, Jordi Assens-Serra, Luis Araya-Castillo, Joan Boada-Grau
In our research we used Dickman’s model. Dickman [21] determined that impulsivity is divided into two types of behavior: on the one hand, functional impulsive behavior; on the other, dysfunctional impulsive behavior. Thus, not all impulsive behavior is counterproductive, i.e., impulsivity can be beneficial aspects for the individual, e.g., when there is a need to make quick and effective decisions, which requires energetic behavior and a high capacity for resolution, etc. Functional impulsivity, therefore, is a fast and effective style of processing in which individuals benefit from their quick actions. On the contrary, dysfunctional impulsivity refers to the tendency to make decisions without reflecting on the negative consequences that they can have for the individual [21,22].
The association of measures of the serotonin system, personality, alcohol use, and smoking with risk-taking traffic behavior in adolescents in a longitudinal study
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2018
Kadi Luht, Diva Eensoo, Liina-Mai Tooding, Jaanus Harro
Impulsivity is a multifactorial construct [78]. Our study revealed that during late adolescence Maladaptive impulsivity plays an important role in risk-taking behavior in traffic. The construct of Maladaptive impulsivity was originally created by Dickman [37], who described two divergent types of impulsivity: Functional or Adaptive and Dysfunctional or Maladaptive impulsivity. While both Functional and Dysfunctional impulsivity characterize the tendency to act with less forethought than average, Functional impulsivity by definition can be the optimal way of responding, and high Dysfunctional impulsivity may with high probability lead to negative consequences. We have previously described the relationship between the two aspects of impulsivity, and found that statistically significant but very weak correlations exist between the subscales representing Adaptive vs. Maladaptive impulsivity [53]. Pearson et al. [44] have reported that in college students both Adaptive and Maladaptive sides of impulsivity could enhance likelihood of risk-taking behavior and injuries, but they focused solely on self-reported driving behavior. These two aspects of impulsivity may relate differently to actual traffic behaviors: We have shown in an adult car driving population that while high-risk speed limit exceeders had higher scores in both Adaptive impulsivity and Maladaptive impulsivity, drunk drivers only had higher scores in Maladaptive impulsivity [43].
Predictive power of selected factors over driver stress at work
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
María José Serrano-Fernández, Joan Boada-Grau, Lluís Robert-Sentís, Andreu Vigil-Colet, Jordi Assens-Serra
The Dickman’s impulsivity inventory scale [36] in its Spanish version [37] comprises 23 items and two subscales, and has a dichotomous response format (1 = true, 0 = false). ‘F1. Functional impulsivity’ assesses impulsiveness that is beneficial and helps one to adapt to unexpected situations that require a quick response. This is made up of 11 items (α = 0.77) (e.g., ‘5. Most of the time I can concentrate on my work very quickly’). ‘F2. Dysfunctional impulsivity’ refers to impulsiveness that, far from helping us, may be counterproductive. It is made up of 12 items (α = 0.76) (e.g., ‘2. I frequently say the first thing that comes into my head without giving it much thought’).