China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cognitive Aging
Published in Rachael E. Docking, Jennifer Stock, International Handbook of Positive Aging, 2017
Nelson A. Roque, Walter R. Boot
As we go through our day we often find ourselves shifting our attention from one goal to the next. Our ability to update our goals and responses depending on the current task we confront is an aspect of executive control. This is often measured in the laboratory using task-switching paradigms in which, depending on a cue, a different task needs to be performed. Switching between tasks often invokes a greater cost for older adults compared to younger adults (Wasylyshyn, Verhaeghen & Sliwinski, 2011). Similarly, dual-tasking (performing two tasks simultaneously) is another executive control function indicative of cognitive flexibility. In most dual-task paradigms, performance on a dual-task condition is compared to a single task condition (on latency and accuracy) in order to understand to what extent each task competes for the same resources. A meta-analysis on the subject of dual-task performance found evidence for a difference in performance between younger and older adults on dual-task latency, but a lack of an age-related decline in dual-task accuracy (Verhaeghen et al., 2003).
Effects of signal bandwidth on listening effort in young- and middle-aged adults
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2019
Jenna L. Cramer, Jeremy J. Donai
The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of bandwidth on listening effort among a YNH and ONH group using a dual-task paradigm that includes a speech recognition (primary task) and working memory task (secondary task) and to obtain perceived effort ratings. The dual task-paradigm has been used by a host of researchers (e.g. Picou, Ricketts, and Hornsby 2011; Sarampalis et al. 2009; Winn, Edwards, and Litovsky 2015) to assess the effort involved and cognitive resources available during a primary and secondary task. While other studies have shown increased effort among older listeners (i.e. primarily for individuals above 60 years of age), the effects of signal bandwidth on effort among YNH (aged 18–25 years) and ONH (aged 40–55 years) listeners have yet to be determined. Thus, it is of interest to determine if reducing the signal bandwidth differentially influences performance among the two age groups. It is hypothesised that the removal of high-frequency information in the speech signal (narrow bandwidth condition) will increase the effort required to recognise and remember speech in quiet and in noisy conditions, particularly for the ONH group. Additionally, it is predicted that listeners from both groups will provide higher effort ratings when performing the word recall task as bandwidth decreases, with listeners from the ONH group reporting increased effort compared to the YNH group.
Evaluation of dual-task performance with Nintendo Wii-Fit plus in children with specific learning disabilities
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2021
Mustafa Karabulut, Banu Bas, Banu Müjdeci
The dual-task paradigm is a procedure used to compare the performance of the individual during the two tasks simultaneously with the single task conditions. Dual-task performance is typically used for two different purposes. One of these aims is to investigate the demands of the motor task that require attention, while the other is to investigate the effects of simultaneous cognitive or motor tasks on motor performance [9].