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Psychiatry and social medicine
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
13.2. School refusal in an adolescent is often a part ofseparation anxiety.schizophrenia.anorexia nervosa.severe depression.delinquency.
Medical Insurance Fraud by Doctors
Published in Thaddeus L. Johnson, Natasha N. Johnson, Christina Policastro, Deviance Among Physicians, 2019
Thaddeus L. Johnson, Natasha N. Johnson, Christina Policastro
Other scholars note that “a subculture of medical delinquency … arises, thrives, and grows in large part because of the tension between bureaucratic regulation and professional norms of autonomy” (Pogrebin, 2007, p. 156). Notably, these reigning attitudes have not only been observed among physicians but have been found in medical student groups as well. Case in point, in a study conducted by Keenan, Brown, Pontell, and Geis (1985), students insisted that constraints stemming from the governing regulations and policies of Medicare promoted fraudulent behavior among physicians.
Evaluating Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: Towards Evidence-Based Practice
Published in Fred Pyrczak, Maria Tcherni-Buzzeo, Evaluating Research in Academic Journals, 2018
Fred Pyrczak, Maria Tcherni-Buzzeo
Using the same example about family therapy for troubled youths, we might want to know how much more effective family therapy is compared to other options, for example, compared to probation or community service in a control group (often called “treatment as usual” if it is a standard approach for this type of delinquent). In a meta-analysis, researchers would calculate the average difference in outcomes (in this example, recidivism) between the treatment and control groups, to help us understand not only how effective a specific intervention is (in this case, family therapy) but also how much more effective it is than the alternative approach. For example, if across all included studies with random assignment to treatment (family therapy) and control (probation) groups, 33% of juvenile offenders on average recidivate in the family therapy group and 55% of offenders recidivate while on probation within a year, the 22% difference would be the basis for expressing the effectiveness of family therapy numerically (the effect size can be calculated by taking into account the group sizes and standard deviations).
Adolescent Romance Or Partners In Crime? The Influence Of Romantic Relationships And Peers On Criminal Behavior In Adolescence
Published in Journal of School Violence, 2023
Sara Zedaker, Ashley K Fansher, Hae Rim Jin
As this was a high-risk sample, it is also important to consider policy recommendations for youth involved in the criminal justice system. There are protective factors against delinquency that could be strengthened, including family relationships and other adult role models who provide clear indicators of appropriate behaviors (Sullivan, 2006). Participants in this study had all experienced an arrest, so it is important to break the continuity of this behavior. Potential options include mentoring programs to provide youths with a prosocial influence in their lives, involvement in extracurricular activities that are chaperoned by adults, or, if the youth is of age to work, employment opportunities to keep them busy and away from potentially negative influences (De Vries et al., 2015). If the focus begins with high-risk youth, it is possible that these early interventions could mitigate any future delinquency (Loeber & Farrington, 2000).
Chronic pain and delinquency partially explain the effect of the DRD4 gene polymorphism on adult substance use
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2022
James J. Yang, Zhi Wang, Elisa M. Trucco, Anne Buu, Hsien-Chang Lin
Our study provides important implications for interventions. Specifically, for children and adolescents carrying the DRD4 2-repeat allele, interventions could focus on reducing possible chronic pain symptoms (e.g., user-centered and inpatient pain management programs such as iCanCope with PainTM) (62,63). Pain management and symptom relief programs among these populations could disrupt these pathways and subsequently prevent later substance use behaviors in adulthood. Another possible target is to minimize engagement in delinquency among children and adolescents. For example, providing education programs such as STRIVE (Support to Reunite, Involve, and Value Each Other), a family-based intervention to reduce adolescent delinquency among high-risk youth could help prevent later substance use behaviors in adulthood (64).
Bullying Victimization, Negative Emotionality, and Suicidal Ideation in Korean Youth: Assessing Latent Class Analysis Using the Manual 3-Step Approach
Published in Journal of School Violence, 2019
Despite empirical research on externalizing deviance (Mann, Kretsch, Tackett, Harden, & Tucker-Drob, 2015; Van Ryzin & Dishion, 2014), the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between internalizing deviance and strainful social dynamics are less well understood. The current study addresses this need for theory via Agnew’s (1992) General Strain Theory (GST) that can guide a theoretically precise direction on suicidal behavior (Agnew, 1998). Agnew (1992) highlights strain as resulting from any stressful social relationships in which people are not treated as they would like to be treated. A significant premise of GST is that individuals will cope with strain in various ways (Agnew, 1992). Strainful social relationships pressure individuals into engaging in deviant behaviors. Delinquency occurs as a result of three major sources of deviance-producing strain: (1) The failure to achieve positively valued goals (e.g., the lack of financial and educational resources); (2) the presentation of negatively valued stimuli (e.g., the death of a friend and family); and (3) the removal of positively valued stimuli (e.g., adolescents’ exposure to victimization and other noxious stimuli).