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Domain II: Prevention Education and Service Delivery
Published in Nicole M. Augustine, Prevention Specialist Exam Study Guide, 2023
Although cultural competency is now considered a dated term, there are still lessons to be learned on how to move toward becoming more culturally competent:Assess personal cultural values while acknowledging the existence of a ‘cultural lens' that shapes one's interpretation of the world.Become aware of the various cultures that exist within your community and abroad.Understand the dynamics that may occur when members of different cultures interact.
The Three Types of PPG
Published in Robin Stevenson, Learning and Behaviour in Medicine, 2022
A performance gap is much more common and often occurs because of a barrier to the transfer of competence to performance. Such barriers are often cultural and liable to affect many physicians in whom particular cultural values are ingrained. Fifty years ago in the UK, tuberculosis clinics were being transformed into respiratory medicine clinics dealing with asthma, bronchitis and other chronic lung diseases. In many clinics, return patients had a routine chest X-ray at every visit, as had been the practice for TB patients. The physicians knew this was no longer necessary, but were reluctant to end a long-standing tradition. Newly appointed consultants in the 1980s had to indicate that this was a performance gap by showing the senior consultants that this practice was obsolete and was disappearing throughout the country. This is an example of a barrier between competence and performance. In this case, the barrier was the irrational and emotional attachment to a practice with which the seniors had grown up, but which had outlived its usefulness.
Healthcare for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Veterans
Published in Kant Patel, Mark Rushefsky, Healthcare Politics and Policy in America, 2019
Racial/ethnic minorities often have cultural values that may differ from the mainstream cultural values and influence perceptions about health and illness, healing, and treatment, and can affect nutrition and lifestyle behaviors. This is also true in the case of AI/AN communities. The cultural values shared by AIs/ANs certainly influence their lifestyle and risk and health behaviors.
Examining Interpersonal Factors in Patient Ambivalence
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2022
Rachel Asher, Rachel C. Conrad
Clarification of the patient’s individual values and the potential conflicts between them is referenced both within the authors’ taxonomy and in strategies suggested to address these issues (Moore et al. 2022). However, values clarification exercises may be both reductionistic and limited if they fail to take into account larger cultural and religious context (Charles et al. 2006). Culture can be defined as a collective rather than individual identity (Charles et al. 2006), and cultural differences may impact illness representations, constructions of risk, treatment effectiveness, and treatment decision-making approaches (Charles et al. 2006), all of which could contribute to intra- and interpersonal conflict. Indeed, this could manifest as many of the taxonomic concepts related to ambivalence, such as vacillation-conflict avoidance and vacillation-the contrarian. Values clarification should involve reflection upon cultural groups and cultural values of the clinicians, the patient, and trusted others (Charles et al. 2006).
Cultural values as a resilience resource for Latino/a adolescents and young adults coping with parental cancer
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2022
Amanda M. Marín-Chollom, Tracey A. Revenson
Cultural values may serve as resilience resources in the face of chronic stress. Culture is commonly referred to as a shared set of beliefs, values, practices, and customs held by a group of people. Cultural values can provide a sense of support, mastery, or comfort,14 connect youth and family, youth and community, and provide a sense of identity and belonging. Cultural values also may influence how stressors are appraised which, in turn, influences which coping strategies are executed.15,16 Culture places boundaries around which coping strategies are acceptable and appropriate.17 For example, collectivistic cultures are hypothesized to use more coping strategies that modify internal psychological states than coping strategies that directly address stressors, and the goal of coping may be for another’s well-being instead of one’s own.18
Symptoms without disease: Exploring experiences of non-Western immigrant women living with chronic pain
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2018
A meta-analysis of studies comparing medical encounters between doctors and immigrant populations found that doctors behave less effectively when interacting with minority patients, and ethnic minority patients are perceived to be less verbally expressive, assertive, and effective during medical encounters (Schouten & Meeuwesen, 2006). Five key predictors of culturally related communication problems were identified: cultural differences in explanatory models of health and illness; differences in cultural values; cultural differences in patients' preferences for doctor–patient relationships; racism/perceptual biases; and linguistic barriers (Schouten & Meeuwesen 2006). Several researchers stress the importance of health care professionals focusing more on the lived experiences of their patients (Kirsti Malterud & Solvang, 2005; Thesen, 2005). Eliciting an individual's explanatory model provides knowledge of the beliefs the individual holds about his or her pain condition and the personal and social meaning, which he or she attaches to it, including the context in which the individual lives. It may also give knowledge about the individual's expectations of health care and his or her coping strategies and help the clinician to know which aspects of his or her explanatory model need clearer explanation to patients, and what sort of patient education is most appropriate. Furthermore, to feel that one is respected, believed, and understood by health personnel is important and may be crucial for effective management (Steihaug, Ahlsen, & Malterud, 2002).