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Understanding the Role of Personal Coping Strategy in Decreasing Work and Family Conflict
Published in Cary L. Cooper, Psychological Insights for Understanding COVID-19 and Work, 2020
Anit Somech, Anat Drach-Zahavy
This chapter focused on the role of personal coping strategy in decreasing WIF and FIW taking a cross-cultural perspective, thereby contributing to bridging the gaps in knowledge of work/family issues from a cross-cultural perspective. First, our results identified distinctive patterns of coping strategies employed by individuals according to cultural differences. These findings support the notion that WFC and its related issues are inherently a cultural phenomenon (Gelfand & Knight, 2005). With respect to coping, investing in a certain set of coping strategies to ease WFC seems susceptible to values and beliefs, and might reflect social expectations and self-expectations internalized through socialization (Somech & Drach-Zahavy, 2007).
Clinical consciousness: a few notes: Messages for psychiatry?
Published in Derek Steinberg, Consciousness Reconnected, 2018
Nunn (1997), in a paper entitled ‘Diseases of consciousness’, touches on a particularly difficult area of the clinical versus social debate, suggesting that this category should include conditions like some allergic disorders, myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and anorexia nervosa, because of what he identifies as their significant psychological and socio-cultural elements. However, well-intentioned clinicians often fall out of the frying pan and into the fire here, even attracting hate mail and worse, for by trying to say that some disorders (I hardly dare identify which) have psychological and cultural components, they are accused of denying their reality. Thus, in cultural and in a general sense political terms, the wheel goes full circle and the doctor, once too ‘organic’, now gets castigated for suggesting that a particular condition may not be 100% physical. This seems like a broadly cultural phenomenon rather than a narrow professional one; and yet it is clear that the proposition that a clinical problem has a psychological facet can in some hands be used (and received) as much as an insult or punishment as an understanding and compassionate viewpoint. There is in this kind of area a long way to go.
The magnitude of the problem
Published in Kirsti Malterud, Steinar Hunskaar, Chronic Myofascial Pain, 2018
Firm conclusions as to the etiology of conditions prevalent in the population might come up against problems where exact knowledge is missing. The rise and fall of the repetitive strain injury (RSI) epidemic in Australia clearly demonstrates this (Barton, 1989). Upper limb/shoulder/neck complaints were considered as occupational injuries. The healthcare system and the labor organizations focused strongly on the condition, and the sufferers were entitled to insurance benefits. This resulted in a dramatic rise in the recording of these conditions. A court decision questioned the association, with the following withdrawal of benefits and decline in the epidemic. This incident has given support to the theory that musculoskeletal pain complaints, and other medically unexplained conditions, might partly be a cultural phenomenon. This opens the possibility that CWP might be the result of learned behavior, with the possibility of spreading like contagious disease epidemics.
Racism, early psychosis and institutional contact: a qualitative study of Indigenous experiences
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2023
Jenni Manuel, Suzanne Pitama, Mau Te Rangimarie Clark, Marie Crowe, Sue Crengle, Ruth Cunningham, Sheree Gibb, Frederieke S. Petrović-van der Deen, Richard J. Porter, Cameron Lacey
In this study, participants provided examples and experiences of racism they had faced across systems, illustrating some of the ways racism operates to maintain inequitable outcomes for Indigenous youth with early psychosis. Whilst participants described racism at the interpersonal level, their experiences illustrated how racism is a socio-cultural phenomenon that interacts with institutional policy and culture pertaining to social accountability, risk discourse and institutional service structures. At the interpersonal level, early signs of social and mental health need were interpreted as negative stereotypes including Māori youths being labelled as criminal, ‘behavioural’ or high risk. These negative stereotypes aligned with organizational culture and were used to justify inaction because they could be viewed as being out of the scope of institutional responsibilities. Racism also manifested in a lack of service structure and support for Indigenous mental health worker roles. The racism was perceived to result in differential responses and treatment for Indigenous youth, which was described as inaction in the face of social need, an increased use of coercive practices, and a limited availability of Indigenous specific mental health workforce. These findings about the experiences of minority groups are not dissimilar to what has been reported from elsewhere in the world.
Pain, socioeconomic status and clinician assessments: a scoping review
Published in Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, 2023
The experience of pain is a cultural phenomenon, as are societal and medical attitudes towards pain. As such, just as the U.S.A. is developing a body of literature that examines both white and racial minorities, similar bodies of evidence specific to regions are required to be developed elsewhere. One outlier in the studies identified was a vignette where the study population was medical students. Despite having high levels of implicit bias towards white and high SES people, no difference was found in their pain assessments. Compared to a somewhat similar vignette performed by physicians, which found a complex interaction between race, class, and pain assessment findings, this begs the question: Do students perform more equal pain assessments because they’re being watched and assessed, or because they haven’t learned otherwise yet? And, if more experienced clinicians are more prone to underestimating pain, is it linked to burn out?
Parental and media influence on body image and depression: the mediational role of self-concept clarity
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Jihye Seo, Ji-yeon Lee, Kristen Wesbecher
Although the increasing number of college students with body image issues is a cross-cultural phenomenon, body image issues remain culturally bound.44 Each culture may have varying standards of beauty and different ways of expressing distress related to unachievable standards of ideal body image. For example, eating disorders are prevalent in Western culture,44 but not in Eastern culture. However, weight concerns are common in South Korea, which is known for being the most diet-conscious nation among the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) countries.45 Empirical studies confirmed that women in a collectivistic culture have more body image dissatisfaction than do women in an individualistic culture.44 In collectivistic culture, how others perceive oneself is more important than the actual self, thereby highlighting the importance of media portrayal and parental message of the ideal body image.