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Support for Humanitarian Workers
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Caitlin Cockcroft-McKay, Benedicte Duchesne
Critical incident stress and post-traumatic stress are caused by extraordinary events that provoke high level of stress in almost everyone involved, which:are sudden and disruptive,involve actual or perceived threat or loss,cause a sense of vulnerability anddisrupt sense of control and perception of the world as safe and predictable.
Psychological Aspects of Trauma
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) after unpleasant events is not a new concept; it has been used for many years by the military and other organizations, such as the emergency services.36, 37 It has an intuitive appeal and is generally viewed favourably by participants. It has many committed advocates in Western countries, although most emphasize that it should be one element of a package of welfare provisions, often referred to as Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM). Evaluative research has not supported its role as a preventative measure against PTSD, and some studies suggest that one-off debriefing sessions may make participants worse.5 However, debriefing has shown a resilience, despite some bad press, and Hawker and Hawker have carried out a thorough review of the evaluative literature, which presents a balanced view of CISD.38
Wellbeing
Published in Cary L. Cooper, Psychological Insights for Understanding COVID-19 and Work, 2020
As emotions are critical, research on emotional resilience has linked people’s physical and emotional reactions and seeks to explain why the body reacts in the way it does and to offer useful strategies to help overcome the negative reactions and effects. Douglas Paton, who studied trauma in police officers’ claims in relation to critical incident stress, such as the well-known condition of PTSD, stated that there can be ‘both positive (e.g., posttraumatic growth) and negative outcomes (e.g., learned avoidance of threat situations)’ (2006, p.198).
Vicarious Traumatization and Burnout among Service Providers for Victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2021
Claire Helpingstine, Maureen C. Kenny, Fayeza Malik
Professional advice, including being mindful of one’s role as a professional, emerged as a strategy to specifically guard against VT. Those who work with CSE victims perform what Mastracci et al. (2014) refer to as emotional labor, which often requires workers to suppress the emotion they are experiencing and to display a different emotion. Mastracci et al. (2014) cautioned that over time this can lead to burnout. They propose several strategies that employers can recommend to mitigate the risks of burnout. These include formalized critical incident stress management (or critical incident debriefings), self-care plans, and a recruitment process that emphasizes the importance of the job applicant being self-aware. They provide an example of one supervisor who requires workers to submit an annual self-care plan. Workers’ plans have been credited for lower absenteeism, lower worker compensation claims, better morale, and longer tenure with the agency.
Resident assistant secondary trauma and burnout associated with student nonsuicidal self-injury
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2020
Alternately, a formal protocol could be implemented, such as Critical Incident Stress Debriefing which outlines strategies to process immediate distress and make referrals for additional support.29 In emergency rooms, CISD has been found to reduce a person’s experience of being stressed after encountering a traumatic incident.30 Effective applications of CISD require consideration of the culture and specific needs of the organization.31 Any application of CISD in the residence hall to address this issue should maintain an awareness of the nonclinical role of the RAs, the 24/7 nature of the RA–resident relationship, and the variations in NSSI severity and usage which might complicate or extend how the “crisis” is defined.