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Psychosocial Factors in Adaptation to Dentures
Published in Eli Ilana, Oral Psychophysiology, 2020
The authors explained this reversal in terms of the cognitive dissonance theory, which states that individuals experience cognitive dissonance or discomfort when exposed to inconsistencies about themselves or their environment. Thus, patients who were given dentures which they had not rated as their first esthetic choice would be expected to experience cognitive dissonance, increasing in relation to their pre-rating of the dentures they received. To reduce dissonance, the individual tends to reorganize his cognitive evaluation of the situation by finding “extra attractions” for the dentures received. For example, patients who did not receive their expected dentures simply found new reasons for liking what they did receive.
Motivation
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Cognitive dissonance theory is a phenomenon in which people experience psychological distress when they have contradictory attitudes or when their behavior contradicts their stated attitudes. That is, people have a need for consistency in their thoughts, perceptions, and images of their selves (Cooper, Mirabile, Scher, Brock, & Green, 2005; Festinger, 1957). Leon Festinger proposed that people have a motivational drive to reduce dissonance in their cognitions by either changing or justifying their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, e.g., smokers who are told that cigarettes increase the risk of cancer, may resolve the tension between this information and their actions, by deciding to quit smoking. However, it is usually easier for smokers to reject the causal link between cigarettes and cancer, and convince themselves that smoking is not really so dangerous. To do this, smokers seek examples of heavy smokers who have lived long happy lives. Sometimes, a smoker may reduce the tension between information and their actions by making excuses for themselves, such as “I am going to die anyway, so it does not matter.” The number of dissonant beliefs, and the importance attached to each belief affect the strength of the dissonance. Dissonance theory is especially relevant to decision-making and problem-solving, but it applies to all situations involving attitude formation and change (Wicklund & Brehm, 1976).
100 MCQs from Dr. Brenda Wright and Colleagues
Published in David Browne, Selena Morgan Pillay, Guy Molyneaux, Brenda Wright, Bangaru Raju, Ijaz Hussein, Mohamed Ali Ahmed, Michael Reilly, MCQs for the New MRCPsych Paper A, 2017
Dr Olivia Gibbons, Dr Marie Naughton, Dr Selena Morgan Pillay
Cognitive dissonance theory, proposed by Festinger in 1957, suggests that individuals strive for consistency in their attitudes, with discomfort or dissonance arising if two cognitions are held that are inconsistent. Dissonance is increased by low pressure to comply, increased choice of options, awareness of responsibility for consequences, expectation of unpleasant consequences of behaviour towards others. Dissonance is decreased by changing behaviour, dismissing information, adding new cognitions. This man decreases his dissonance by changing his attitudes towards the rights of the disabled. (7, p 93)
How Does that Make You Feel? Development and Pilot Testing of Two New Instruments Measuring Emotional Attributions to Experiences of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2022
Cognitive dissonance theory, which states that individuals who have contradictory emotions or ideas will try to eliminate the inconsistency in order to reduce tension (Festinger, 1957), can help us understand the conflicting emotional attributions observed in the study. Individuals who experienced sexual violence at the hands of someone they knew may try to deny criminal intention on the part of their perpetrator, deny that they were harmed by the abuse, or accept a level of responsibility for the abuse in order to protect themselves from conflicting emotions around the offender (Weiss, 2011). Children may be predisposed to shift blame onto themselves in order to maintain attachment, especially if the perpetrator is a trusted figure (Leahy et al., 2003). Dissonance could also arise when the perpetrator has gone through the process of grooming a child to be compliant with their CSA victimization (Craven et al., 2006).
A Quantitative Examination of Identity Integration in Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual People of Faith
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2019
Eric M. Rodriguez, Chana Etengoff, Michelle D. Vaughan
Moreover, current applications of cognitive dissonance theory do not address the criticisms of Festinger’s theory that have been present in psychology since the late 1960s. Social psychology researchers including Aronson (1968), Bem (1967), Cooper and Fazio (1984), Jones (1985) and Steele (1988) have argued that Festinger’s theory is methodologically indistinct, difficult to operationalize in an applied research, and that mental conflicts could be more accurately assessed using more modern social psychological theories. As a result of this sustained critical barrage, Bagby, Parker, and Bury (1990) reported a marked decrease in the use of Festinger’s theory. Heeding this call, it is time for social scientific researchers studying the religious and spiritual lives of GLB individuals to incorporate perspectives that can better reflect the complexity of GLB religious and spiritual identity formation.
Religious Identity Dissonance: Understanding How Sexual Minority Adolescents Manage Antihomosexual Religious Messages
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2021
Jeremy J. Gibbs, Jeremy T. Goldbach
Cognitive Dissonance Theory explains how an individual cognitively copes with conflicting beliefs, values, and behaviors. According to a cognitive dissonance framework, an individual will always strive for cognitive consonance, and the presence of dissonance requires some form of cognitive manipulation (Festinger, 1957). The theory was originally conceived to explain belief structures and not necessarily identity development. However, several sexual minority researchers have extended this theory into the realm of identity conflict (Mahaffy, 1996; Rodriguez & Ouellette, 2000; Thumma, 1991).