China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Maladaptive Coping in Functional Somatic Syndromes
Published in Peter Manu, The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes, 2020
The association between depression and illness behavior in fibromyalgia was the focus of a multicenter investigation coordinated by researchers from the University of Bologna, Italy (Ercolani et al., 1994). The 327 subjects were recruited from academic outpatient practices in Milan, Ancona, and Siena, Italy. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia was established in accordance with the Yunus criteria (Yunus et al., 1981). The mean age of the sample was 42 years, and 87 percent of the subjects were female. The presence and severity of depression were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), an extensively validated 20-item instrument designed for general populations (Radloff, 1977; Farmer et al., 1988). Illness behavior was assessed with a standard self-administered 62-item questionnaire (Pilowsky and Spence, 1975) measuring levels of hypochondriasis, disease conviction, somatic versus psychological focusing, affective inhibition, affective disturbance, denial, and irritability. The authors’ assumption was that maladaptive coping is demonstrated by abnormal scores on three of these scales: disease conviction (i.e., an intense belief that a physical illness was present and rejection of a physician’s reassuring statements to the contrary); somatic versus psychological focusing (i.e., the tendency to reject psychological factors as contributing to the illness); and denial of current life problems.
Practical Issues in Evaluating a Self-Structured Psychosocial and Medical Support Program for Women with HIV/AIDS: PROTOTYPES WomensLink, a Community-Based Organization
Published in G. J. Huba, Lisa A. Melchior, Vivian B. Brown, Trudy A. Larson, A. T. Panter, Evaluating HIV/AIDS Treatment Programs: Innovative Methods and Findings, 2020
Lisa A. Melchior, Chi Hughes, Vivian B. Brown, G. J. Huba
Psychological distress. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item scale used to measure current psychological distress (Radloff, 1977). For this evaluation, a psychometrically sound, 8-item short version (Melchior et al., 1993; Huba et al., 1995) was used. The short form employed here is correlated .93 with the full instrument in a community sample of high-need women.
Pharmacotherapies for PTSD and Substance Use Disorders
Published in Anka A. Vujanovic, Sudie E. Back, Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use Disorders, 2019
Lorig K. Kachadourian, Kevin P. Jensen, Mehmet Sofuoglu, Ismene Petrakis
Furthermore, the stress hormones and neurotransmitter systems that contribute to negative affect are important given the role of negative affect in both PTSD and drug use behavior (Hall et al., 2015; Mason, Hitch, & Spoth, 2010; Ubaldi, Cannella, & Ciccocioppo, 2016; Weems et al., 2007). For example, in a behavioral economics study, Murphy et al. (2013) found that depressive symptoms were positively correlated with how individuals rated the value or salience of alcohol. In this study, an alcohol purchase task was used to establish a demand curve for alcohol among college students who had at least one heavy drinking episode in the past month (N = 133). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The mean CES-D score was 13.3 for the sample, which is below the threshold score (CES-D =16) that is considered at risk for clinical depression in adolescent and young adult populations (Radloff, 1991). Murphy et al. (2013) also found that depressive symptoms were positively correlated with the amount of alcohol subjects would consume if it was freely available.
Health Behavior Changes after a Diabetes Diagnosis: The Moderating Role of Social Support
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2023
Health indicators are activities of daily living (ADL, including bathing, eating, dressing, walking across a room, and getting in or out of bed), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL, including using a telephone, taking medication, handling money, shopping, and preparing meals). The ADL and IADL measures were created separately by summing up the number of tasks that participants had difficulty performing. An 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms, which had a KR-20 score at 0.80, indicating acceptable reliability.29 In addition, the count of chronic conditions was created by summing seven conditions self-reported by respondents, including high blood pressure, cancer, lung disease, heart disease, stroke, psychiatric problems, and arthritis.
Environmental Sensitivity in Adults: Psychometric Properties of the Japanese Version of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale 10-Item Version
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Shuhei Iimura, Kosuke Yano, Yukiko Ishii
(1) To measure trait anxiety as a negative affect, a 20-item trait anxiety subscale was used from the Japanese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-J) (Shimizu & Imae, 1981). Items (e.g., I am tense, I am worried.) were rated on a four-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (never) to 4 (always). Cronbach’s alpha was .92 in the sample. (2) The Japanese version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms (Shima et al., 1985). This scale consists of 20 items (e.g., I felt depressed, I felt lonely.) and asks how many depressive symptoms participants have experienced in the past week using a four-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 0 (Rarely or none of the time; less than 1 day) to 3 (Most or all the time; 5-7 days). The internal consistency of 20 items was .90. (3) The 16-item Japanese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Sato & Yasuda, 2001) was used to measure affects. This scale contains an eight-item Positive Affect subscale (e.g., enthusiastic, interested) and an eight-item Negative Affect subscale (e.g., scared, afraid). Participants scored the items on a six-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (not at all) to 6 (extremely). The internal consistencies of Positive Affect and Negative Affect were good with Cronbach’s alpha = .89 and .92, respectively.
Association of physical and psychological health status between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and their family caregivers
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2019
Hyun-Hye Chu, Kyeong-Soo Lee, Kwan Ho Lee, Jin Hong Chung, Kyeong-Cheol Shin, Tae-Yoon Hwang
To measure patient and caregiver depression, the Korean version Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used. For the patient’s self-efficacy measurement tool, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) was used, which is comprised of a total of 17 questions; a higher score represents a higher self-efficacy. For measuring the patient social support, we used the same approach as Park (2001) in COPD patients. The social support inventory in this study consists of seven items for family support and five items for physician support. The score is based on a 5-point scale; higher scores represent a higher degree of social support. To measure caregiver burden, we used the questionnaire with 36 items modified from the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI; Novak & Guest, 1989) and the Burden Interview (BI; Zarit, Todd, & Zarit, 1986) by Kim, Lee, Sohn, and Lee (2003); the tool uses a five-point scale in which higher scores represent a higher burden. The EuroQOL five-dimension questionnaire was used as the caregiver QOL measurement tool. To explore caregiver self-rated health status and chronic disease morbidity, Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) questions were used. Higher score of caregiver self-rated health status means poor health status.