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The Range of Treatment and Rehabilitation Programs; Factors in the Selection of an Appropriate Program
Published in Frank Lynn Iber, Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
Unfounded treatment bias is occasionally an overriding issue. Conditioned aversion therapy continues to thrive, though modified in recent decades to include more counseling and group therapy. Programs that feature almost all sessions conducted by physicians are thought by some superior. Other programs run by recovered alcoholics are even more widely perceived as being better than most. These biases are often well established in a potential client or a family member and must be given attention if the patient is to remain in the program.
Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Aversion therapy was used for the treatment of conditions which are undesirable but felt pleasant by the patient, e.g., alcohol dependence, and transvestism. The underlying principle is pairing of the pleasant stimulus with an unpleasant response, so that even in the absence of the unpleasant response, the pleasant stimulus becomes unpleasant by association. The unpleasant aversion can be produced by low voltage electric stimulus, or drugs (such as disulfiram in the case of alcohol dependence). Typically, 20–40 sessions are needed, with each session lasting about 1 hour. After completion of treatment, booster sessions may be given. Currently, the use of aversion therapy has declined sharply as it is felt that it may violate the human rights of the patient.
Food Aversion during Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Aline de Araújo Pereira, Emylliane Santana dos Reis, Mariana Julião Guilarducci, Julia Silva e Oliveira, Júnia Maria Geraldo Gomes
On the other hand, we need to mention some limitations of the included studies, such as confounding factors not controlled (as treatment time, nutritional status, side effects), incomplete data, lack of randomization, and lack of blinding. Another limitation was the use of the 24-hour recall to assess food intake since it reflects only the dietary consumption of one day, ie., it may not represent the usual intake of the participants. Most studies did not consider the effect of localization of tumor or type of antineoplastic treatment on the food aversion formation. Some studies did not consider the baseline level of food aversion before starting CT treatment. Although some research evaluated long periods, most were of short duration and did not present how long after the start of treatment the aversion started and for how long it lasted. These factors make it difficult to elucidate the nature and severity of aversion during CT treatment.
State-of-the-art behavioral and pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorder
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2019
Lara A. Ray, Spencer Bujarski, Erica Grodin, Emily Hartwell, ReJoyce Green, Alexandra Venegas, Aaron C. Lim, Artha Gillis, Karen Miotto
Classical conditioning therapies include cue-exposure therapy (CET) and aversion therapy. CET involves repeated exposure to alcohol-related stimuli, without the reinforcement of alcohol consumption, to produce a decrease in alcohol craving and an increase in self-efficacy for coping with urges and high-risk situations (47). CET has received some empirical support from a number of studies, including a comparison to CBT (48,49), in conjunction with pharmacotherapies (50), and in fMRI work (51). Despite the theory-driven approach of CET, data have been mixed. One study did not show that CET yielded additional benefits beyond CBT alone (52). Two meta-analyses have respectively found the overall effect size of CET to be small (d < 0.10) (47) and that CET has little to no impact on drinking outcomes (53). Novel approaches for the delivery of CET are currently under investigation, specifically via smartphone applications (54). Aversion therapy involves repeated pairings of alcohol with an unpleasant stimulus, such as an electric shock or chemical emetic, to target unconscious memory associations involving alcohol craving. While there is initial evidence that aversion therapy results in improved abstinence rates (55), it has not been widely studied, potentially due to ethical concerns regarding this approach.
Understanding HIV-Related Pill Aversion as a Distinct Barrier to Medication Adherence
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2019
Robin M. Dorman, Sarah H. Sutton, Lynn M. Yee
As pill aversion is not part of the US national guidelines or standard of care in assessing HIV medication adherence, we hypothesize that providers may fail to identify pill aversion symptoms and that this is a more prevalent barrier than they are aware. Thus, in this pilot study, the objective was to characterize HIV-related pill aversion in several dimensions. We aimed to quantify the frequency of pill aversion in a diverse US cohort, assess the symptoms reported by individuals with pill aversion, and determine emotional characteristics or characteristics of pills that affect skipping pills due to pill aversion.