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Attachment in young people
Published in Robert McAlpine, Anthony Hillin, Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents, 2020
Robert McAlpine, Anthony Hillin
In contrast to avoidant young people, those with ambivalent attachment styles are able to form intimate relationships, but they tend to be unstable and are vulnerable to conflicts or losses that threaten a fragile attachment. These young people are usually so preoccupied with obtaining sufficient care within their relationships that they lack capacity to provide consistent care for others. As a result, they rarely develop mutually supportive relationships and so their social support network is often insubstantial.
Major Schools of Psychology
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Ambivalently attached children tend to be suspicious of strangers. As adults, those with an ambivalent attachment style often feel reluctant to become close to others and worry that their partner does not share their feelings. This leads to frequent breakups, often because of cold and distant relationships. These individuals feel especially upset at the end of a relationship. Cassidy and Berlin described ambivalently attached adults who cling to young children as a source of security.
What About Me? Sibling Play Therapy When a Family Has a Child With Chronic Illness
Published in Lawrence C. Rubin, Handbook of Medical Play Therapy and Child Life, 2017
Chronic illness can isolate family members from each other as well as from supportive relationships beyond the family. Debilitating pain, extended healing time, intensive treatments, and concerns about infection and compliance with treatment regimens can all contribute to this isolation. There may be fears of infection, or culturally reinforced beliefs about illness and disability that limit contact. The regular routines of family life that reinforce strong attachment can be disrupted and ambivalent attachment bonds can be challenged. Siblings may be separated due to hospitalizations, specialized treatments away from home, or the reluctance to interact due to not knowing how to be helpful and supportive. Children with the chronic illness can be protective of their siblings, not wanting to burden or worry them, while healthy siblings may not be as quick to share their successes, not wanting to make the sibling who is ill feel left out of those positive events. Competition for limited parent/caretaker time and energy can lead to jealousy for any of the siblings who see the other as having more attention and support. Fredrickson (2001, 2004) described how negative emotions from these events can lead to fight, flight, or freeze responses that can reduce siblings’ abilities to take alternate views of a situation, initiate positive actions, or mobilize personal strengths.
Attachment Style and Risk of Suicide Attempt Among New Soldiers in the U.S. Army
Published in Psychiatry, 2022
Jing Wang, James A. Naifeh, Holly B. Herberman Mash, Joshua C. Morganstein, Carol S. Fullerton, Stephen J. Cozza, Murray B. Stein, Robert J. Ursano
Attachment theory was first proposed by Bowlby (Bowlby, 1969) to describe the emotional attachment between infants and their primary caregivers. Distinct attachment styles were later conceptualized and extended to measure and examine emotional ties in adult relationships (Ainsworth et al., 2015; Hazan & Shaver, 1987). For example, the attachment self-report (ASR) scale was developed to assess three attachment styles: secure, anxious-ambivalent, and avoidant attachment, with the latter two styles representing insecure attachment (Hazan & Shaver, 1987). Applying two internal working models concerning the view of self and others (Bowlby, 1973), these were expanded to four distinct styles of attachment: secure, preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). Whereas preoccupied attachment is analogous to the anxious-ambivalent attachment, dismissing and fearful attachment reflect two different forms of avoidance attachment. Specifically, dismissing attachment reflects a form of avoidance that is rooted in a positive view of self and a desire for independence, while fearful attachment reflects a form of avoidance that is rooted in a negative view of self and a feeling of vulnerability.
The role of attachment styles and perceived social support in prediction of methamphetamine abuse
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2018
Vahid Farnia, Mostafa Alikhani, Amir Jalali, Sanobar Golshani, Safora Salemi, Sara Hookari, Masuod Moradi, Toraj Ahmadi Juibari
Standardized discriminant coefficients show that all predictors basically contribute to making a separation between non-addicted persons and addicts. However, secure attachment style, ambivalent attachment style, and family support, with a standardized coefficient of 0.598, 0.536, and 0.528 and a correlation coefficient of 0.567, 0.583, and 0.541, respectively, have the greatest impact on and share in the model and separation of the studied groups. These variables also provide a greater independent distribution than others for the model, help to better identify and separate the groups, and establish a stronger relationship with the discriminant function. Avoidance attachment style, with a coefficient of 0.158, plays a minimal role in the discriminant model. In addition, the value of correlation coefficient alone is negative for ambivalent attachment style. The discriminant functions developed based on non-standardized coefficients are shown below. This equation also indicates that secure, avoidant, and ambivalent attachment styles and support from family, friends, and important persons in life affect the situation in which the two groups are well separated. For example, if other factors in the model are constant, the discriminant function score increases by 0.205 with one unit of change in the secure attachment style. Accordingly, the direct impact of each variable on the value of the discriminant function is measured (Table 4).
Adolescents' Rejection Sensitivity as Manifested in Their Self-Drawings
Published in Art Therapy, 2018
Limor Goldner, Shira Carren Sachar, Ayelet Abir
Among the global features of self-drawings that had a significant correlation with rejection sensitivity was the size of the figure (i.e., tiny, short figures or tall, exaggerated figures). Previous studies have associated drawings of tiny or exaggerated figures with children who exhibit ambivalent attachment (Fury, Carlson, & Sraufe, 1997) and attachment insecurity (Behrens & Kaplan, 2011) and suggest that vulnerability and hypervigilance to signs of rejection are rooted in the child's uncertainty regarding the availability of caregiving figures (Cassidy & Berlin, 1994; Shaver & Mikulincer, 2002). The depiction of small figures in drawings also has been reported in a study of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Saneei, Bahrami, & Haghegh, 2011). Self-drawings with small figures might reflect adolescents' negative internal working model and their sense of self-deficiency in peer relationships. Likewise, depiction of exaggerated, tall figures might reflect an attempt to compensate for and circumvent an impaired sense of self and inner badness to achieve a sense of mastery.