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Pretending to Not Concentrate
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Neurological Malingering, 2018
Angela Rekhi, Jasmine M. Campbell, Alan R. Hirsch
Malingering of ADHD is predominantly an issue of adult ADHD. Thus, the correct diagnosis of ADHD is much more significance. The lifetime prevalence of adult ADHD is 8.1% in the U.S. adult population; however, it should be noted that older adults within the age range of 45–60+ do not report symptoms of ADHD to a clinician (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, and Walters, 2005). Adults with ADHD tend to be undereducated and underemployed relative to their intellectual ability and family’s educational background. They also change their jobs more often than others, likely out of boredom, as a result of interpersonal problems in the workplace, or possibly that the concentration impairment with ADHD is interfering with adequate performance on the job. ADHD also has implications on social aspects of adult life, whereby there is difficulty maintaining friendships and dating relationships and sufferers are more susceptible to marital discord and divorce. As with children and adolescents, diagnosing adults with ADHD is most accurately made with information from multiple sources. These sources include behavior rating scales, detailed histories of past and current functioning, symptom checklists (i.e., Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale [ASRS-vI.I] Symptom Checklist), and information from significant others or family members who know them well. Adult diagnosis of ADHD also requires thorough history of childhood behavioral and academic issues. (See Figure 9.1.)
Mindful Awareness Practices for Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Virtual Program Implementation and Evaluation during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2023
Britt N. Ritchie, Kerry A. Peterson
The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1: Adler et al., 2003) was the assessment tool selected for this project due to it being evidence-based, as well as prior use in the study by Zylowska et al. (2008). The ASRS-v1.1 (Adler et al., 2003) is an 18 question, Likert scale self-report survey for ADHD symptoms based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria (Silverstein et al., 2018). Validity and reliability have been well established showing 68.7% sensitivity and 99.5% specificity for screening adults for ADHD (Silverstein et al., 2018). In order to assess for a reduction in symptoms, the ASRS-v1.1 (Adler et al., 2003) was obtained at baseline (time of referral) in addition to the first, fifth and eighth session. In addition, participants were contacted by a member of the team intermittently as well as at the end of the program.
The influence of stuttering and co-occurring disorders on job difficulties among adults who stutter
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2022
ADHD was assessed using the Japanese-translated short form version of the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS-J; Kessler et al., 2007; Takeda et al., 2017). The ASRS-J-6 consists of six self-administrated questions that are answered using 5-point Likert-type scales consisting of ‘never’, ‘rarely’, ‘sometimes’, ‘often’, and ‘very often’. The possible score range is 0–25, with a cut off value of 15 (sensitivity = 0.67, specificity = 0.84), with ADHD being suspected at a score of 15 or higher (Takeda et al., 2017). The ASRS has been found to have sufficient internal validity (Cronbach's α = 0.63-0.72) and reliability (test-retest reliability: rs = 0.58-0.77) (Kessler et al., 2007), with the ASRS-J-6 also having been found to have sufficient internal validity (Cronbach's α = 0.83) and reliability (test-retest reliability: r = 0.84) (Takeda et al., 2017).
Comorbidity and sociodemographic characteristics of adult autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: epidemiological investigation in the World Mental Health Japan 2nd Survey
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2021
Maki Umeda, Haruki Shimoda, Karin Miyamoto, Hanako Ishikawa, Hisateru Tachimori, Tadashi Takeshima, Norito Kawakami
ADHD was measured by the Japanese version of World Health Organization (WHO) adult ADHD self-report scale version 1.1 (ASRS-v1.1) (Adler et al. 2006, Kessler et al. 2005, Kessler et al. 2007). The ASRS-v1.1 was developed in conjunction with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview, aiming at screening for current ADHD in adults who are 18 years or older. The ASRS-v1.1 consists of six items that ask about the frequency of the respondents’ inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity using the five-point Likert scales: never, rarely, sometimes, often, and very frequently. ADHD was positive when a frequency of more than four items was higher than the standard frequency (Kessler et al. 2005). The sensitivity and specificity of this cut-off point were 0.64–0.69 and 0.99–1.00 (Kessler et al. 2007).