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Transformin Growth Factor-β
Published in Jason Kelley, Cytokines of the Lung, 2022
Factor TGF-β1 is a protein of 25 kd consisting of two identical subunit chains joined covalently by disulfide bonds. It is present in abundance in bone, platelets, kidney, and various other tissues, including the lungs. Because such a wide variety of cultured cells secrete TGF-β under basal or stimulated conditions, it can be thought to be an ubiquitous cytokine. The TGF-βs are members of a supergene family of peptides of disparate functions, all of which appear to be involved in developmental processes, morphogenesis, cell replication, and matrix modulation. Members of the TGF-β gene family have been found in mammals, amphibians, and insects. The TGF-β gene family includes such diverse developmental proteins as Vg1 of frog oocytes, the activins and inhibins, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), müllerian inhibitory substance, and the DPP-C complex of Drosophila species. Members of the TGF-β family share homologies at the level of both nucleic acid and amino acid sequences, and their mRNA is processed similarly. The critical amino acid homologies that bind these various proteins include key cysteine residues, which are conserved in all of the member peptides.
Validation of suPAR turbidimetric assay on Cobas® (c502 and c702) and comparison to suPAR ELISA
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2020
Thor A. Skovsted, Eva Rabing Brix Petersen, Maj-Britt Fruekilde, Andreas Kristian Pedersen, Tomasz Pielak, Jesper Eugen-Olsen
The turbidimetric assay principle applies latex particles conjugated with two monoclonal antibodies specific to suPAR as illustrated in Figure 1. The antibodies were the same as those used in the suPARnostic® ELISA, a monoclonal rat anti-human suPAR antibody (VG-1, capture antibody in ELISA) and a monoclonal mouse anti-human suPAR antibody (VG-2, detection antibody in ELISA). Beads coupled with the respective antibodies were received from ViroGates, Denmark. SuPAR can circulate either as a full-length protein (DI–DII–DIII) or in the truncated forms of DI and DII–DIII [44,50]. The monoclonal antibodies are specifically directed to the suPAR full-length protein (DI–DII–DIII) and the truncated form (DII–DIII).
Protective effects of BP-1-102 against intracranial aneurysms-induced impairments in mice
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2021
Zhixian Jiang, Jiaxin Huang, Lingtong You, Jinning Zhang
Western blot was performed according to the standard method. β-Actin (13E5), IL-1β (D6D6T), IL-6 (D5W4V), MCP-1, TNF-α (D2D4), Jak2 (D2E12), Phospho-Stat3 (Tyr705) (D3A7), Stat3 (124H6), NF-κB p65 (D14E12) and Phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (93H1) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA). Anti-VEGFA antibody [VG-1] (ab1316), anti-PDGF B antibody [EPR6834] (ab178409), anti-TAGLN/Transgelin (SM22α) antibody (ab14106) and anti-SMN/Gemin 1 (αSMA) antibody [2B1] (ab5831) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).
Review of data on chemical content in an aerosol resulting from heating a tobacco or a solution used in e-cigarettes and in the smoke generated from the reference cigarettes
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2021
Mateusz Szparaga, Radosław Świercz, Maciej Stępnik
In the study by (Son et al. 2018), a significant increase in the concentration of nicotine in the spray was found with the increase in EC power and the type of solvent used in e-liq. E-liq based on VG emitted 8 to 10 times less nicotine than e-liq based on PG or a mixture of PG with VG (1:1).