China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Oral Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Marcia Ramos-e-Silva, José Wilson Accioly Filho, Sueli Carneiro, Nurimar Conceição Fernandes
In addition to preventing caries and removing trauma caused by fractured teeth or unfitted dentures, one of the most important reasons for periodic examination of the mouth in the early detection of precancer, as well as cancer. Clinical diagnosis by the specialist, aided by the 1% toluidine blue technique, which stains the dysplastic and malignant cells, and by biopsy, sometimes requiring immunohistochemical techniques, must be mandatory in all suspected cases.
The Mediastinum (including pre-and para-spinal lines, neural tumours, and pneumomediastinum).
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Thirty years ago only plain radiographs, conventional tomograms, angiography and barium swallow (with large adenomas pressing on the oesophagus) were available, other than exploratory surgery. Fortunately experienced surgeons can find over 95% of parathyroid adenomas in the neck by careful dissection in both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Surgical recognition can be aided by the use of methylene (or patent) blue. If the dye is injected IV immediately preoperatively, the parathyroids tend to 'stain' more than the surrounding tissues and become more easily recognised, and this method was used for many years at the author's hospital (see Dudley, 1971). Toluidine blue should not be used because of possible cardiac toxicity. Radioisotope labelled methylene (and toluidine) blue have been tried in some centres (see references).
Neoplasia in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Carcinoma of the vulva represents only about 4% of gynecologic malignancies and is quite rare in pregnancy, because the vast majority of vulvar malignancies occur in postmenopausal patients. Approximately 15% of vulvar cancers are found in women less than 40 years of age. Of these, about 90% of the cases are squamous cell cancers. Other cell types include melanoma, adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and sarcoma. Presenting symptoms are similar to those of the nonpregnant state and include itching, irritation, discharge, and occasionally bleeding. The etiology of vulvar cancer is unknown, but common patient characteristics include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and perhaps less-than-optimal vulvar hygiene. Recent evidence suggests that HPV infection is a causative or associative factor in preinvasive vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia as well as in invasive vulvar cancer. Examination of the vulva will demonstrate areas of ulceration, exophytic growth, hyper- or hypopigmentation, or red or white discoloration. The key to early diagnosis is biopsy. All abnormal areas of the vulva, including raised, depressed, discolored, or warty lesions, deserve consideration for biopsy. Biopsy may be performed in the office under local anesthesia by simple excision or by utilizing the Keyes punch biopsy instrument. Toluidine blue staining and colposcopy may be used as adjunctive procedures, but should not substitute for biopsies, even in lieu of pregnancy.
Investigating the effects of dermal exposure to in-vivo animal models on the riot-control properties of a powder formulation of Tragia involucrata leaf hair lining
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2023
Trishna Mani Nath, Sanghita Das, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
A comparison between control and formulation-treated rats revealed normal architecture by histopathological examination using a light microscope (Axio Scope A1 Carl Zeiss, Germany). Figure 4 displayed skin tissue from both the control and treatment groups with three different staining, as shown in Figure 4(a). Haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained control rat skin; Figure 4(b). Haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained formulation treated rat skin; Figure 4(c). Congo red-stained control rat skin; and Figure 4(d). Congo red-stained formulation treated rat skin; Figure 4(e). Toluidine blue-stained control rat skin and Figure 4(f). Toluidine blue-stained formulation treated rat skin. Figure 5(a–f) exhibited morphological analysis of kidney, lung, and stomach. The histological evaluation of these organs suggested the normal architecture, and no tissue deformity were observed.
Microfluidic-based screening of resveratrol and drug-loading PLA/Gelatine nano-scaffold for the repair of cartilage defect
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Li Ming, Yuan Zhipeng, Yu Fei, Rao Feng, Weng Jian, Jiang Baoguo, Wen Yongqiang, Zhang Peixun
HE staining: tissue specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin, serial 4-μm sections were obtained and HE-stained. The tissue sections were treated with haematoxylin for 5 min, differentiated with liquid differentiation for 2 s, and immersed in ammonia for 5 s. Next, the sections were treated with eosin for 1 min. Safranin O- fast green staining: tissue specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. Serial 4-μm sections were obtained and safranin O- fast green-stained. The tissue sections were treated with Weigert for 5 min differentiated with acidic differentiation solution for 15 s, treated with solid green for 5 min, and treated with weak acid solution for 15 s. Next, the sections were treated with safranin O for 5 min. Toluidine blue staining:tissue specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. Serial 4-μm sections were obtained and toluidine blue-stained. The tissue sections were treated with 1% toluidine blue for 60 min. Alcian blue staining: tissue specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. Serial 4-μm sections were obtained and alcian blue-stained. The tissue sections were treated with Alcian blue acidizing fluid for 3 min, treated with alcian blue for 30 min.
Novel method for restoration of anorectal function following spinal cord injury via nerve transfer in rats
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Bingbo Bao, Kai Fu, Xianyou Zheng, Haifeng Wei, Pengbo Luo, Hongyi Zhu, Xiaozhong Zhu, Xingwei Li, Tao Gao
Semi-thin sections (1 μm thick) were cut from the tissue blocks using an ultramicrotome (PowerTome-XL, RMC, USA), collected, mounted onto glass slides, and stained with Toluidine Blue (Siga Aldrich, Munich, Germany). Toluidine Blue is commonly used to stain semi-thin sections that will ultimately be re-sectioned and analyzed for electron microscopy. It is generally accepted that the quality of Toluidine Blue staining of plastic-embedded tissue is not as good as Toluidine Blue staining of frozen sections.15 However, for our purposes, the staining quality suffices for our analysis of nerve tissue. The Toluidine Blue sections were used for gross examination of nerves at the light level, and areas of interest were cut out and re-embedded in Epon 812 for TEM examination.