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Exopolysaccharide Production from Marine Bacteria and Its Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Prashakha J. Shukla, Shivang B. Vhora, Ankita G. Murnal, Unnati B. Yagnik, Maheshwari Patadiya
Marine bacterium Hahella chejuensis belonging to phylum Proteobacteria, isolated from the sediment sample of Marado, Cheju Island, Korea, has been reported to synthesize copious amounts of glucose- and galactose-rich EPSs when grown in a sucrose-containing medium. These EPSs are used as biosurfactants for detoxifying polluted environments, such as those contaminated with petrochemical oils (Ko et al., 2000; Lee et al., 2001). EPSs from Bacillus and Microbacterium sp., having significant concentrations of hexosamines and uronic acids, possess biosurfactant activity. The unique anionic nature of these EPSs can chelate cations, which is applicable in bioremediation processes. EPSs from halophilic Bacillus sp. have tissue regeneration property (Ortega-Morales et al., 2005). EPSs from three novel halophilic species, Idiomarina fontislapidosi, I. ramblicola and Alteromonas hispanica, have been reported for emulsification and metal-chelating activities (Mata et al., 2008). Halomonas alkaliantarctica strain CRSS isolated from the Salt Lake in Cape Russell in Antarctica synthesized EPSs with high viscosity, primarily constituting glucose and fructose (Poli et al., 2007).
The Induction of Bone Formation
Published in Ugo Ripamonti, The Geometric Induction of Bone Formation, 2020
The understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cell differentiation and morphogenesis is central to the biology of tissue regeneration (King and Newmark 2012). The ability of bone to regenerate and heal without scarring has been known since antiquity and Hippocratic times (reported by Reddi 2000).
Gene Therapy in Oral Tissue Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Fernando Suaste, Patricia González-Alva, Alejandro Luis, Osmar Alejandro
Tissue Regeneration (TR) is defined as a process of reproduction and reconstitution of the architecture of tissue loss, which requires three main elements: scaffolds, cell sources and tissue-inducing factors. Stem cells are the main element in tissue regeneration because its self-renewable and totipotential capacity to differentiated into multiple cell lineages. Additionally, growth factors are molecular signals that control the fate of these mesenchymal stem cells under differentiation. In tissue engineering, gene therapy has emerged as an alternative, supporting both cell therapy and therapy that relies on the use of signaling factors.
Cell homing strategy as a promising approach to the vitality of pulp-dentin complexes in endodontic therapy: focus on potential biomaterials
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia, Zahra Safari, Sayed Soroush Sadat Kachouei, Ramin Zabeti Jahromi, Nastaran Atashkar, Amirreza Karbalaeihasanesfahani, Mahdieh Alipour, Nastaran Hashemzadeh, Simin Sharifi, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
As previously mentioned, dental pulp tissue engineering regenerates pulp-like tissue with the help of biomaterials to treat inflamed pulp or necrosis. In this strategy, stem cells play a crucial role in tissue regeneration. To date, various studies have been performed on the regeneration of pulp and dentin tissue with the help of dental stem cells transplanted into damaged tooth tissue of large and small animals [2,52]. However, the results of studies have shown that cell-based therapy has many problems in clinical translation and goes through complex steps from cell isolation to pulp tissue preparation. Also, allograft transplantation has the problem of cell survival, high cost, rejection of the cell by the recipient tissue, pathogen transmission, and tumorigenesis. In this case, this technique cannot be an excellent alternative to dental implants and routine dental tissue treatments [53,54]. The cell homing approach solves the problems of cell-to-tooth transplantation. It regenerates dentin or pulp by invoking endogenous host stem cells into damaged tooth tissue with the help of biological signaling molecules [55,56]. This approach is clinically easier than cell transplantation because it does not require isolating and preparing stem cells in vitro [17,57,58]. The cell homing strategy involves bioactive scaffolds with signaling molecules injected into the root canal to recruit endogenous stem cells around the root, including PDLSCs, SCAP, and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) into an anatomic compartment of the root canal [6,59].
In vitro stimulation with radiofrequency currents promotes proliferation and migration in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2021
María Luisa Hernández-Bule, Elena Toledano-Macías, Aida Naranjo, Marina de Andrés-Zamora, Alejandro Úbeda
In addition to proliferation, the tissue regeneration process requires cell migration in virtually all its phases. In order to initiate migration, the cell has to reorganize its cytoskeleton and dismantle adhesion complexes such as the desmosomes and adherens junctions that bind adjacent cells, as well as the hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions that attach the cell to its substrate. Next, the cell proceeds by emitting lamellipodia or filopodia (Santoro and Gaudino 2005), which in the type of collective migration typical of keratinocytes, only occurs in cells leading the migration front (Mayor and Etienne-Manneville 2016). The present study investigates the potential effects of the electric stimulation on proteins that are part of the aforementioned structures, whose expression and/or location undergo significant changes during cell migration. To our knowledge, no previous study has investigated the mechanisms underlying the dual proliferative and migratory response of the two major types of human epithelial cells to subthermal stimulation with RF CRET currents.
The potential of Zishen Yutai pills to facilitate endometrial recovery and restore fertility after induced abortion in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Mianmian Li, Na Ning, Yu Liu, Xiaohui Li, Qiaojuan Mei, Jiebin Zhou, Qiuling Huang, Wenpei Xiang, Ling Zhang, Xiaoyan Xu
In addition, stem cell-based therapy has emerged as a promising and favourable alternative for tissue regeneration (Salazar et al. 2017; Khan and Goldberg 2018). Therapeutic strategies for stem cells have been suggested and examined in animal models of endometrial pathology for decades (Azizi et al. 2018). One study found that the application of a collagen scaffold loaded with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells is effective for endometrial regeneration (Xin et al. 2019), while another study showed that the transplantation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is a better therapeutic treatment for thin endometrium than stem cell therapy alone (Jing et al. 2018). Although the use of multipotent or unipotent stem cells represents a more effective strategy for the repair of endometrial injury, these methods have not been applied to humans, and further clinical trials are needed (Lu et al. 2019), not least of all due to the fact that the safety of stem cell therapies remains a topic of controversy.