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Veterinary Care
Published in Donna J. Clemons, Jennifer L. Seeman, The Laboratory GUINEA PIG, 2016
Donna J. Clemons, Jennifer L. Seeman
Animals present with lumpy swellings under the chin, which are enlarged submandibular lymph nodes (Figure 25). Usually, no other clinical signs are observed. Lymph nodes in other areas of the body are infrequently involved. Occasionally an animal may become systemically ill, developing pneumonia, otitis, or sepsis.Swollen lymph nodes contain abscesses filled with a thick, yellow, purulent material. Streptococcus zooepidemicus, a Grampositive cocci, can be isolated from the draining material.112The condition is treated by draining the abscess or allowing them to rupture and drain spontaneously.The method of transmission is not well understood, but culling infected animals from the colony may reduce the spread of the organism. It has been suggested, and refuted, that the organism gains entry through abraded oral mucosa and is spread by carrier animals.115
Infections and Kidney Diseases: A Continuing Global Challenge
Published in Meguid El Nahas, Kidney Diseases in the Developing World and Ethnic Minorities, 2005
Bernardo Rodríguez-Iturbe, Sergio Mezzano
The association of streptococcal infections and glomerulonephritis is one of the oldest clinical observations that guided investigations on the etiology of parenchymal kidney disease. The histological picture is that of a typical diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis (Fig. 1). As far back as the 18th century, “dark and scanty urine” was noted to be a complication of the convalescent period of scarlet fever (1) and the pathological description of post-scarlatinal glomerulonephritis (2) actually preceded by two decades the identification of group A beta hemolytic streptococcus as the etiologic agent of scarlatina (3). Shortly thereafter, the association between acute glomerulonephritis and upper respiratory (4,5) and skin infections (6) with this bacteria were firmly established in the medical literature. More recently, ingestion of unpasteurized milk contaminated with group C streptococcus (Streptococcus zooepidemicus) has caused clusters of cases (7,8) and at least one large epidemic (9). The pathogenesis of PSGN was outlined nearly a century ago in seminal papers that defined this disease as a non-infectious complication resulting from “altered reactivity or allergy” to serum antibodies developed during the convalescence (10,11). Since second attacks of PSGN are extremely rare, it is likely that the responsible antigen in this disease is shared by nephritogenic streptococci and confers a long-lasting immunity. Several streptococcal components, including M protein, have been evaluated as potential nephritogens, but results are still a matter of debate (12). The lack of an accepted animal model of the disease and the difficulty in localizing putative antigens in the glomeruli are some of the reasons for the continuing controversy (12). At the present time, two streptococcal antigens are being actively investigated. Both these antigens are claimed to be consistently demonstrable in the glomeruli of early biopsies of PSGN, both antigens are reported to induce an antibody response that is characteristically found in convalescent sera of patients with nephritis and is absent in non-nephritogenic streptococcal infections.
Lung macrophages: current understanding of their roles in Ozone-induced lung diseases
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2020
Several mouse-based studies have also linked O3 exposure to poor phagocytic abilities of alveolar macrophages. AM from mice exposed to 2 ppm O3 for 3 h exhibited poor ability to phagocytose Klebsiella pneumonia (Mikerov, Gan, et al. 2008; Mikerov, Haque, et al. 2008). Similarly, in another study, macrophages from O3-exposed mice (1.5 ppm O3 for 4 h) were found to exhibit compromised phagocytosis of carbon black (Jakab and Hemenway 1994). In yet another study, macrophages from mice exposed to 0.4–0.8 ppm for 3 h had reduced ability to engulf bacteria, i.e. Streptococcus zooepidemicus (Gilmour et al. 1993).
Acute renal failure with need for renal replacement therapy as a complication of zoonotic S. zooepidemicus infection: case report and review of the literature
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2018
Laurens Veldeman, Katrien De Wilde, Dirk Vogelaers, Evelyne Lerut, An Vonck, Dien Mertens, Annelies Koch, Jan Beckers
Five days after admission, one out of six blood cultures (three times two aerobic/anaerobic couples drawn with one day interval from day two after admission) grew a gram-positive Lancefield group C β-hemolytic Streptococcus, identified as Streptococcus zooepidemicus on Vitek® MS MALDI-TOF automated mass spectrometry system for rapid identification of bacteria (bioMerieux, USA)). Based on available antibiotic susceptibility tests, directed antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin clavulanate 875/125 mg tid was initiated with instant resolution of fever.