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Marine-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Thomas G. Guilliams, Jørn Dyerberg
In many cases, the magnitude of the TG-lowering effect following EPA and/or DHA supplementation influences changes in other lipoprotein biomarkers, such as VLDL number and size, LDL number and size, LDL-C and HDL-C. These effects are thought to be mostly driven by the effects of these fatty acids on lipid-modulating transcription factors in hepatocytes and adipocytes (e.g., PPAR family, RXR, SREBP1), and lipoprotein enzymes such as cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and apoCIII.50 Ultimately, these effects result in reduced hepatic synthesis of VLDL-TG, an increased clearance of TG, reduced levels of ApoB100 and a shift in cholesterol from VLDL particles to HDL and LDL particles. When compared head to head, DHA is often reported to have a slightly greater ability to lower TG levels vs EPA.44,51,52
Mechanism of Action of Isotretinoin
Published in Ayse Serap Karadag, Berna Aksoy, Lawrence Charles Parish, Retinoids in Dermatology, 2019
In analogy with findings in sebaceous glands of acne patients (24,28,42), IGF-1-stimulated PI3K/AKT signaling reduces nuclear levels of FoxO1 proteins in immortalized SZ95 sebocytes (154); however, when studying the pharmacologic effect of isotretinoin in immortalized SZ95 sebocytes, investigators observed a paradoxic activation of PI3K/AKT. This results in decreased nuclear FoxO1 levels and leads to the erroneous conclusion that isotretinoin may not attenuate PI3K/AKT signaling (155) as predicted earlier (40). In SEB-1 immortalized sebocytes, the addition of isotretinoin unexpectedly increases the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and enhanced sebocyte lipogenesis (156); notably, the expression of SREBP1 is negatively controlled by p53 (79,157,158).
Smith-Magenis Syndrome—A Developmental Disorder with Circadian Dysfunction
Published in Merlin G. Butler, F. John Meaney, Genetics of Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Ann C.M. Smith, Wallace C. Duncan
Haploinsufficiency for SREBP1, a gene located in the SMSCR involved in cholesterol homeostasis, may contribute to the increased frequency of hypercholesterolemia in SMS (19). An age and gender-controlled study of fasting lipid values in 49 children with SMS documented hypercholesterolemia in 57% (19). Only 16 (32%) were within normal limits. Hypercholesterolemia did not correlate significantly with BMI. Since the long-range implications of these findings are unknown, clinical management recommendations should be followed (68).
Ellagic acid protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by activating AMPK
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Jozaa Z. ALTamimi, Ghedeir M. Alshammari, Nora A. AlFaris, Reham I. Alagal, Dalal H. Aljabryn, Norah A. Albekairi, Mahmoud Ahmad Alkhateeb, Mohammed Abdo Yahya
Stimulated lipogenesis mediated by overexpressing SREBP1 and SREBP2 and their target genes (i.e., FAS/ACC-1 and HMGCoAR) with a concomitant reduction in β-oxidation due to suppression of PPARα/CPT1 axis mediated NAFLD in diabetic animals (Oliveira et al. 2012) and were shown in this study. On the contrary, chronic administration of EA suppressed the transcription of SREBP1, SREBP2, FAS, ACC-1, and HMGCoAR and significantly upregulated levels of PPARα and CPT1a, and CPT1b not in only in the livers of T1DM-induced rats but also in the livers of control rats. Although these data are being unique to be shown in the T1DM-induced rats of this study, many previous studies have shown a protective effect of EA against NAFLD in rodents with T2DM (Yoshimura et al. 2013; García-Niño and Zazueta 2015; Okla et al. 2015; Kang et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2019; Lee et al. 2020).
The polymorphism of SREBF1 gene rs11868035 G/A is associated with susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease in a Chinese population
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2019
Fan Lou, Ming Li, Na Liu, Xiaohong Li, Yan Ren, Xiaoguang Luo
Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have successfully identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11868035 near sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor1 (SREBF1) and SNP rs2823357 near ubiquitin specific peptidase 25 (USP25) as susceptibility loci for PD [4,5]. SNP rs11868035 lies in an intron of SREBF1 gene on Chr17, which is a modifier of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and some genes involved in sterol biosynthesis. The protein encoded by this gene is sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) which is attached to the nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. It regulates cellular uptake from plasma LDL and cholesterol synthesis as a transcriptional activator which is required for lipid homeostasis [6]. Recent study demonstrated that SREBF1 links lipogenesis to mitophagy and that deficiency of SREBF1 due to mutations of its gene can cause sporadic PD in Drosophila and human cell models [7]. USP25 plays a critical role in protein modification by ubiquitin [8]. SNP rs2823357 lies in an intron of USP25 gene on Chr21, the role of which is still not clear now. Recent study found carriers of the USP25 rs2823357 variant had progressed to α-synucleinopathies of PD faster than others [9].
Desalted Salicornia europaea powder and its active constituent, trans-ferulic acid, exert anti-obesity effects by suppressing adipogenic-related factors
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Myung-Jin Kim, Jin-Hyoung Kim, Sok-Ho Kim, Hyeon-Kyu Go, Mee-Hyang Kweon, Do-Hyung Kim
Adipocyte differentiation results from a series of programmed changes in specific genes or transcription factors involved in adipogenesis, such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1 and FAS (Kim and Kong 2010; Ko et al. 2015; Guo et al. 2016). SREBP1 is associated with the production of an endogenous ligand that enhances PPARγ transcriptional activity and can increase the expression of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (Kang et al. 2010). Co-treatment with TFA markedly suppressed over expression of SREBP1 in this study. PPAR-γ and C/EBPα are found almost exclusively in adipose tissue and play a crucial role in adipocyte differentiation, indicating that these factors are linked to both the induction of adipose-specific genes and to the conversion of the mature adipose phenotype.