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Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Itch
Published in Tian-Le Xu, Long-Jun Wu, Nonclassical Ion Channels in the Nervous System, 2021
Mahar Fatima, Jingyi Liu, Bo Duan
Itch signals are received in the skin by pruriceptive skin cells and peripheral afferents of primary sensory neurons, with cell bodies located in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia (TG) (2–4). The somatic sensation of itch is then converted into electrical signals to be transmitted to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and thence to the brain (4–6). It is unclear how the dermal cells interact with the sensory afferent endings to propagate the pruriceptive signals. A growing body of recent evidence reveals transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as key players of both acute and chronic itch elicited by a diversity of pruritogens.
SBA Answers and Explanations
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
Special taste sensation is by way of the chorda tympani division of the facial nerve for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the glossopharyngeal nerve for the posterior one-third. Taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is therefore commonly lost in a facial nerve (or Bell’s) palsy. Somatic sensation is by way of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (lingual nerve) and the glossopharyngeal nerve for the posterior one-third.
Anatomy
Published in Jonathan M. Fishman, Vivian A. Elwell, Rajat Chowdhury, OSCEs for the MRCS Part B, 2017
Jonathan M. Fishman, Vivian A. Elwell, Rajat Chowdhury
Somatic sensation (light touch) is by way of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (lingual nerve) and the glossopharyngeal nerve for the posterior one-third of the tongue.
Correlation of neurological level and sweating level of injury in persons with spinal cord injury
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2021
Michelle Trbovich, Ashley Ford, Yubo Wu, Wouter Koek, Jill Wecht, Dean Kellogg
Measurement of sudomotor activity in past investigations has been captured via whole-body sweat rates, sweat capsules, and skin temperature as a surrogate SR index, i.e. sweating decreases skin temperature. The majority of previous studies measured evaporative cooling are primarily small pilot studies (N = 1–10) in persons with SCI with varying injury characteristics under protocols that employed a myriad of heat stressors (e.g. passive vs. exercise induced).12,13 While the general statements that sweating is impaired “below the lesion” or in “insensate areas” were commonly made,21,22 only one prior study had the specific objective of correlating NLOI with a sweating level using visual detection of water droplets over large skin surface areas under a plastic sheet.12 Using this technique, Normell found “dissociation between areas with loss of cutaneous thermoregulatory sudomotor responses and areas of loss of somatic sensibility.”33 He also reported that in most of individuals “the dissociation between sudomotor responses and somatic sensation was only a few centimeters or … the width of one or more somato-sensory dermatomes.”33 Thus, data suggests that the sensory and sweating level are not always equivalent, which parallels the anatomic arrangement of the sympathetic sudomotor versus sensorimotor tracts.
Fluid–structure interaction analysis of cerebrospinal fluid with a comprehensive head model subject to a rapid acceleration and deceleration
Published in Brain Injury, 2018
Figure 10 shows the cortical areas affected by the SPH impulse intensity at the peak velocity. The diffuse pattern of SPH impulse intensity maxima may represent the cortical areas most affected by a concussion. Brodmann’s areas with at least 10% coverage of maximal SPH impulse intensity include 40 (10.1%), 4 (11.7%), 1, 2, 3 (15.3%) and 52 (21.7%). Brodmann area 40, the left supramarginal gyrus, receives input from multiple sensory modalities and supports complex linguistic processes. Lesions here may result Gerstmann syndrome and fluent aphasia, such as Wernicke’s aphasia. Brodmann area 4 is typically associated with motor functions but also plays a supportive role in sensory perception. Lesions in the primary motor cortex may result in paralysis and decreased somatic sensation. Brodmann areas 1, 2 and 3 comprise the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe and are primarily associated with somatosensory perception. Lesions in the postcentral gyrus may result in cortical sensory impairments, including loss of fine touch and proprioception. Brodmann area 52, the parainsular, is the smallest of the mentioned areas and has the high percentage of SPH impulse intensity maxima coverage. It joins the insula and the temporal lobe.
The Ideology of Transference: Laplanche and Affect Theory
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2018
This critical engagement with Laplanche reveals the extent to which any rigorous analysis of complex psychological process, such as sexuality, for example, requires a supple framework for tracking the internal effects of a subject’s complex encounter with a dynamic, enigmatic world. As we already observed with some of the questions that Saketopoulou’s (2014) essay prompted: what is the relationship between a felt experience and a somatic sensation? Is affective experience contingent on the subject having a representational apparatus? How does a subject register, somatically or symbolically, an encounter with the “enigmatic signifiers” of his own unconscious? Although there is “no single, generalizable theory of affect” (Gregg and Seigworth, 2010, p. 3), Affect Theory has done tremendous and provocative work in elaborating manifold possibilities for how we might think about affect that, in the context of a critique of existing metapsychology, provides indispensable tools for conceptualizing subjectivity outside conventional frames.