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Precision medicine in oncology: An overview
Published in Debmalya Barh, Precision Medicine in Cancers and Non-Communicable Diseases, 2018
Fazilet Yılmaz, Sultan Ciftci Yılmaz, Esra Gunduz, Mehmet Gunduz
For single-cell sequencing, cells should be selected individually with methods such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), microfluidics-based cell sorting, laser capture microdissection or microdroplet technologies (Nakamura et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2016). Normally, DNA material of a single cell is around 6 pg and not enough for analysis (Van Loo and Voet, 2014). However, this material can be amplified by commercially available genome amplification kits and the sequencing is performed thereafter (Qiagen, 2016). The processes that can be done at single cell resolution are whole genome, exome, transcriptome, (scRNAseq), and epigenomic (methylation and chromatin structure) analyses. Since it can give detailed information about cancer's behavior and reveal the potential treatment options, single-cell analysis has great importance from the aspect of precision medicine in oncology.
Genetic analysis of the embryo
Published in David K. Gardner, Ariel Weissman, Colin M. Howles, Zeev Shoham, Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, 2017
Yuval Yaron, Liran Hiersch, Veronica Gold, Sagit Peleg-Schalka, Mira Malcov
The most significant limitation of single-cell analysis is the small amount of DNA. As mentioned previously, multi- plex PCR is one way to overcome this problem. In addition, methods designed to achieve non-specific amplification of the entire genome—that is, whole-genome amplification (WGA)—have been developed (21, 32). These techniques amplify a large proportion of the entire genome, thereby allowing further analyses by specific PCR reactions, enabling confirmation of diagnosis by alternative methods or the analysis of other genes.
Advanced Biotechnology
Published in Lawrence S. Chan, William C. Tang, Engineering-Medicine, 2019
It also publishes on significant biological, chemical, medical, environmental and energy applications such as (RSC.org) Nucleic acid biotechnology and analysis (DNA and RNA sequencing, genotyping, gene manipulation).Protein analysis (proteomics and metabolomics for targeted and global analysis).Medical diagnostics (for example point of care and molecular).Medical devices and treatments (including implantable and wireless).Drug development (screening and delivery).Cells, tissues, organs on chip and integrated tissue engineering.3D cell culture.Single cell analysis.Cell and organism motility and interactions.Systems and synthetic biology and medicine.Energy, biofuels, fuel extraction.Environmental and food monitoring for health and security.
Toward a Framework for Assessing Privacy Risks in Multi-Omic Research and Databases
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2021
Charles Dupras, Eline M. Bunnik
To study associations and causal relationships between different omics, researchers not only collect these complementary data types, they also routinely merge them into multi-omic databases and computation systems, allowing them to perform increasingly sophisticated integrative analyses (Creanza et al. 2015; Blekhman et al. 2015; Hasin, Seldin and Lusi 2017; Yang et al. 2018; Karimi et al. 2018). Integrative single-cell analysis, for instance, aims to study different omics systems simultaneously to provide more accurate and greater information on their specific biological functions and responsiveness (Stuart and Satija 2019). To perform these complex multi-omic analyses, researchers have notably started implementing machine learning technologies (Lin and Lane 2017; Hamamoto et al. 2019).
Liquid biopsy in prostate cancer: current status and future challenges of clinical application
Published in The Aging Male, 2021
Yaqiong Wang, Zili Wang, Xiaokun Gang, Guixia Wang
Single-cell analysis has emerged as a powerful technology with a profound influence on the knowledge of tumor biology [59]. Compared to bulk analysis, the analysis of the genome and transcriptome of single cells might reveal more details on the genetic heterogeneity of primary and metastatic tumors, evolutionary principles, and underlying mechanisms leading to resistance. The implementation of single CTC sequencing relies on the capture of single cells and amplification of single-cell nucleic acids [60]. However, allelic dropout events and amplification errors, as well as limited coverage of sequencing, are obstacles that need to be resolved. Undoubtedly, with the increasing output and decreasing cost of sequencing, single CTC analysis is likely to become routine in clinical practice [60].
Mass spectrometry-based phospholipid imaging: methods and findings
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
Al Mamun, Ariful Islam, Fumihiro Eto, Tomohito Sato, Tomoaki Kahyo, Mitsutoshi Setou
PLs imaging at the cellular level has been made possible by SIMS imaging as it offers the capability of resolving very small features which can be as low as a hundred nanometers. Sample for single-cell analysis includes the isolated cells from the specimen or cultured cell. Unfortunately, live cells cannot be analyzed directly in SIMS as it works under a high vacuum condition. Generally, cells are extracted or grown on an appropriate substrate such as silicon wafer or gold-coated silicon wafer [58] followed by fixation to minimize sample degradation. Two fixation methods are commonly applied: (i) chemical fixation using glutaraldehyde, and (ii) cryofixation. A cryofixation method, namely plunge fixation, has been shown to be advantageous for single-cell lipid imaging [59]. In plunge freezing, samples are stored in liquid nitrogen at −196°C after washing by a mixture of propane and isopentane (3:1). Interestingly, enhanced signal intensity for PLs has been reported when matrix solution is added on the cell surface prior to the fixation [58]. After fixation, frozen samples are freeze-dried and stored until analysis.