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Lipidomics in Human Cancer and Malnutrition
Published in Qiu-Xing Jiang, New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes, 2020
Iqbal Mahmud, Timothy J. Garrett
Tandem MS is a commonly used shotgun lipidomics technique which is also known as MS/MS or MSn where samples are ionized by electrospray ionization as a mixture and several precursor ions via precursor ion scans (PIS) or selected product ion scans are utilized to separate out the various lipid species without then use of chromatographic separation.5 Shotgun lipidomics analysis first collects a full-scan mass spectrum that displays molecular ions of individual lipid species of a class and then uses tandem MS spectra of corresponding samples to provide detailed structural and quantitative analysis without the time constraints encountered by LC-MS analysis. Tandem MS offers PIS of particular fragment ions, neutral loss scanning (NLS) of specific neutral loss fragments, and product ion scanning of molecular ions of interest; all these approaches facilitate the high-throughput analysis of global lipidome from complex biological mixtures.36 A detailed review of this approach was recently published.37
Omics and perinatal medicinePreeclampsia
Published in Moshe Hod, Vincenzo Berghella, Mary E. D'Alton, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Eduard Gratacós, Vassilios Fanos, New Technologies and Perinatal Medicine, 2019
Piya Chaemsaithong, Liona C. Poon
Quantitative shotgun lipidomics has shown that women with established PE have higher triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester in the placenta than normal pregnancy, independent of gestational age (185). These observations have suggested that lipid disturbance is involved in the pathophysiology of PE. Further research is needed in this area.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Barth Syndrome
Published in Shamim I. Ahmad, Handbook of Mitochondrial Dysfunction, 2019
Arianna F. Anzmann, Steven M. Claypool, Hilary Vernon
Abnormalities in CL also have been shown in several models of malignancy. TAZ expression gradually increases from normal cervical tissue to squamous cervical carcinoma, suggesting that TAZ and CL remodeling may contribute to the progression of cervical cancer140. Further, shotgun lipidomics from subcutaneously grown brain tumors, including astrocytomas, stem cell tumors, and microgliomas, revealed major abnormalities in CL content/composition141. Together, these findings suggest that altered CL is associated with malignant cell metabolism, possibly via inhibition of apoptosis or as a driver of adaptations in global cellular bioenergetics (i.e. the Warburg theory)140,141.
What can we learn from the platelet lipidome?
Published in Platelets, 2023
Gaëtan Chicanne, Jean Darcourt, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Cédric Garcia, Agnès Ribes, Bernard Payrastre
Global high throughput methods can be obtained by direct introduction of the lipid extract in high-resolution mass spectrometer system (shotgun Lipidomics), or after chromatographic separation. These methods allow profiling of series of complex mixtures in a relatively short time. This untargeted mode of lipidomics has several advantages when analyzing populations of patients for instance, because it allows identification of unanticipated changes in lipid molecular species. Such an unbiased approach can also contribute to the identification of new lipids. Besides these great advantages, the global high throughput methods are generally not quantitative and can miss low abundance lipids. In 2016, a first global study identified more than 5000 putative lipid species in resting human platelets with changes in about 900 lipids following thrombin stimulation [10,11]. Interestingly, this study pointed to an unanticipated lipidomic circuit providing, through cPLA2, the substrates for mitochondrial energy generation during platelet activation.
Mass spectrometry in the lipid study of cancer
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Md. Mahamodun Nabi, Md. Al Mamun, Ariful Islam, Md. Mahmudul Hasan, A.S.M. Waliullah, Zinat Tamannaa, Tomohito Sato, Tomoaki Kahyo, Mitsutoshi Setou
DI-MS-based lipidomics (also termed as ‘shotgun lipidomics’) is a rapid MS method for the comprehensive analysis of lipid species. Lipid species are explored directly from the organic extracts of biological samples [39,40]. In this method, the commonly used scan types are precursor ion scans, neutral loss scans, and selected ion monitoring [40,41]. ESI-MS-based shotgun lipidomics was first introduced by Han and Gross in 2003 [41,42]. ESI is a well-known soft ionization technique that ionizes polar, thermally labile, and often nonvolatile molecules. Liquid samples are passed through a very thin capillary, and the analytes present in the samples are ionized by applying a heavy electric field under atmospheric pressure. These ions then move through a heated inert gas for desolvation prior to the mass spectral analysis of individual ionic species [43]. This method offers high mass accuracy, sensitivity, and reproducibility, making it a suitable tool for faster lipidomic analysis of biological samples such as cancers [44,45].
Characterization of the proteome and lipidome profiles of human lung cells after low dose and chronic exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2018
Santosh Phuyal, Mayes Kasem, Oskar Knittelfelder, Animesh Sharma, Davi de Miranda Fonseca, Vaineta Vebraite, Sergey Shaposhnikov, Geir Slupphaug, Vidar Skaug, Shanbeh Zienolddiny
Lipid composition of control and exposed cells was determined by shotgun lipidomics. Interestingly, there was a remarkable increase in total lipids level in exposed compared with control cells (Figure 10). The total lipids level increased from 430 pmol/µg to 720 pmol/µg and 626 pmol/µg in high dose and low dose, respectively. Correspondingly, there was a concomitant accumulation of most of the lipid classes (Figure 10(A)). This trend was more pronounced with the highest dose of MWCNT. Triacylglycerol (TG) was highly elevated (Figure 10(A)) at both concentrations followed by sphingomyelin (SM), ceramide (Cer), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and cholesterol (Chol). Although cells exposed to the high dose of the MWCNT exhibited an increase in some of the lipid classes compared with the control and the low-dose exposed cells, we refrained from inferring any statistical significance analysis, since the lipidomic study was performed with two biological replicates even though technical duplicates were included during the analysis. The pattern of increase in all lipid classes was intriguing and prompted us to run lipidomic analysis 2 weeks post-exposure. Therefore, exposed cells were reseeded and passaged without MWCNT for 2 weeks, and lipids were extracted and analyzed. Interestingly, the previously observed lipid accumulation as shown in Figure 10(A) was diminished (Figure 10(B)). Additionally, the lipid classes such as SM, Cer, PE, and Chol that previously showed high levels tended to slightly decrease (Figure 10(B)). These data suggest that the continuous and repeated exposure of cells to MWCNT nanomaterial lead to transient accumulation of most of the lipid classes. However, TG remained at similar levels in the high dose indicating a rather stable effect on the cells (Figure 10(B)).