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Macroalgae and Microalgae
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Shama Aumeerun, Joyce Soulange-Govinden, Marie Francoise Driver, Rao Ambati Ranga, Gokare A. Ravishankar, Neetoo Hudaa
Many studies have proved that algae have good anti-obesity potential. Hall et al. (2012) conducted a study to test the effect of Ascophyllum nodosum enriched bread on healthy, overweight and obese men. It was observed that as compared to the group of men that were fed the control bread, a significant reduction in the mean energy intake was observed in those men that were fed the A. nodosum enriched bread. Nakazono et al. (2016) also carried out a study where the anti-obesity effects of dietary acid-hydrolyzed (A-AO) and enzymatic-digested (E-AO) alginate oligomers were tested in male mice fed a high-fat diet, and it was observed that E-AO had much stronger anti-obesity effects than A-AO. Paxman et al. (2008) investigated the ability of alginate to reduce increased uptake of cholesterol and glucose in overweight male subjects, and eventually concluded that alginates are very effective in controlling overweight and obesity problems. Moreover Jang and Choung (2013) showed that ethanolic extract of Laminaria japonica has excellent potential to act as an anti-obesity agent with no obvious toxicity. The algal sterol fucosterol and the carotenoid fucoxanthin have also been observed to have anti-obesity effects (Seca and Pinto 2018).
Challenges to Public Health in the Favelas of Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Published in Igor Vojnovic, Amber L. Pearson, Gershim Asiki, Geoffrey DeVerteuil, Adriana Allen, Handbook of Global Urban Health, 2019
Robert E. Snyder, Kathryn L. Lovero, Claudete A.A. Cardoso, Lee W. Riley, Alon Unger
The city of Rio de Janeiro was the capital of the Brazilian Republic from its founding in 1889 until the current capital city, Brasília, was built in 1960 (Bueno 2003). There were a number of factors influencing the country’s population dynamics in the late 19th century, including the abolition of slavery in 1888, the continued influx of European immigrants, and the Grande Seca (Great Drought) in the country’s Northeast (Bueno 2003). By the turn of the century, many of the country’s large coastal cities resembled industrial European and North American cities, with the wealthy elite residing outside of the city’s center and the working class being mostly confined to centrally located tenement buildings where there were limited municipal investments or social services (Valladares 2000). In Rio, these tenements and communities were called cortiço(s), which is translated into English as tenements, or literally as beehives. These communities were the predecessors to today’s favelas, having been immortalized in Aluísio Azevedo’s book O Cortiço, published for the first time in 1890. O Cortiço described the most infamous of these communities, called Cabeça de Porco (Pig’s Head). The cortiço was widely considered a locus of poverty, criminal activity, and infectious disease (Abreu 1994; Chalhoub 1996; Valladares 2000). Figure 18.6 shows an image of this community from above, prior to its destruction in 1893.
Fat mass profile in early adolescence: Influence of nutritional parameters and rs9939609 FTO polymorphism
Published in Robert Hofstra, Noriyuki Koibuchi, Suthat Fucharoen, Advances in Biomolecular Medicine, 2017
S.N. Fatimah, A. Purba, K. Roesmil, G.I. Nugraha, A.M. Maskoen
All the children underwent a series of anthropometric measurements, which included height, weight, BMI, and body composition. The measurements were taken according to the standard protocols. Standing height, without shoes, was measured (to the nearest 0.1 cm) with a stadiometer (Leicester Stadiometer, Seca). Body weight, in light clothing, was measured (to the nearest 0.1 kg) with a mechanical floor scale (Tanita). The BMI was calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of height (in meters).
Proteomic interrogation of antibiotic resistance and persistence in Escherichia coli – progress and potential for medical research
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
Danfeng Zhang, Yuanqing Hu, Qiuqiang Zhu, Jiafu Huang, Yiyun Chen
It is well known that many OM proteins play important roles in establishing antibiotic resistance by controlling the passage of small molecule solutes into the cell interior [69]. iTRAQ quantitative proteomics was performed to compare the profiles of proteins from E.coli that were either untreated or treated with ciprofloxacin. Out of the 290 altered proteins detected in response to ciprofloxacin, only several membrane proteins were up-regulated, including FadL, SlyB, OmpA, and BamC, while a variety of down-regulated proteins detected following ciprofloxacin treatment were located in the bacterial inner or outer membrane, including AtpA, AtpB, AtpD, AtpE, AtpF, LamB, OmpC, SecA, and Ag43 [71]. A decrease in levels of membrane proteins in response to antibiotic stress indicates that these channels or porins may normally be involved in antibiotic uptake. When LamB is deleted, a trimeric λ receptor protein forming permeability pores, increased antibiotic resistance not only to chlortetracycline but also to nalidixic acid, balofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin [72]. Jing Qi reported that 5 h after treatment of E.coli with enrofloxacin, OmpX underwent 6.6±0.1-fold upregulation, and OmpW underwent 3.3±0.4 -fold downregulation, while the major outer membrane proteins OmpC and OmpF were not detected in the proteomic analysis, indicating that OmpX and OmpW might function as key components of the initial defense response in E.coli upon exposure to enrofloxacin [73].
In silico analysis revealing CsrA roles in motility-sessility switching and tuning VBNC cells in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Dan Wang, Steve H. Flint, Dragana Gagic, Jon S. Palmer, Graham C. Fletcher, Stephen L. W. On
All 11 genes in cluster 2, were involved in the process of protein transport (GO:0015031). The KEGG pathway analysis identified protein export (KO: vpa03060) involves the genes vp0589, vp0590, vp2460, ffh, ftsY, secA, secB, secE, secY, tatC; bacterial secretion system (KO: vpa03070) contained genes vp0589, vp0590, vp2460, ffh, ftsY, secA, secB, secE, secY, tatC; and vp0589, vp2460, ffh, ftsY, secA, secB, secE, secY responsible for the quorum sensing pathway (KO: vpa02024).
Low-phase angle in body composition measurements correlates with prolonged hospital stay in head and neck cancer patients
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Marie Lundberg, Amy Dickinson, Pia Nikander, Helena Orell, Antti Mäkitie
After measuring the patient’s height and weight, a nurse or study assistant conducted octapolar BIA (Seca mBCA 515, Hamburg, Germany) with the patient in a standing position, with an alternating electric current of 100 μA and 19 frequencies. The BIA parameters registered included PA, FFMI and SMMI. Seca provides gender-, age-, and BMI-matched reference values for these parameters. Sarcopenia was defined as SSMI lower than 8.87 kg/m2 in men and 6.42 kg/m2 in women [7].