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Toxinology Emergencies
Published in Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan, Emergency Medicine, 2020
Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan
Sea urchins, fire coral (worldwide) Sea urchins cause local erythema and pain from the many tiny spines which may break off and enter a joint cavity or the deep palmar or plantar spaces.Fire coral causes local burning similar to a jellyfish sting.
Fertilized Sea Urchin Eggs as a Model for Detecting Cell Division Inhibitors
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Robert S. Jacobs, Leslie Wilson
This leaves protein synthesis, and protein function as potential sites of drug action. Thus the sea urchin has been found to be sensitive to cytochalasin B, colcemid, podophyllotoxin, vinblastine, and several new marine natural products recently reported in the literature that appear to act in part by inhibition of protein function [1].
Clinical Toxicology of Sea Urchin and Starfish Injuries
Published in Jürg Meier, Julian White, Handbook of: Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons, 2017
Sea urchins have a mainly globular, sometimes flattened body shape. Numerous short or long spines articulate on the calcareous plates which form the body shell. Pedicellariae are situated between the spines. These organs are used in defense or to procure food. Sea urchins are common in all oceans and live in shallow waters as well as in the deep sea.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the effects of different feeding times on the hepatopancreas of Chinese mitten crabs
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Yingkai Xu, Baoli Zhang, Changyue Yu, Ziwei Hung, Nan Hu, Yuqiao Cai, Yingdong Li
The feeding rhythm is a critical aspect of the aquaculture process, influencing a series of physiological functions in aquatic animals, including metabolism (del Pozo et al. 2013), behavior (Pradhan et al. 1989), immunity (Chen et al. 2022), and growth (Reis et al. 2021). Adjusting the feeding time can affect the feeding rhythms of aquatic organisms. For example, studies have shown that frequent meals throughout the daily cycle accelerate intestinal emptying and increase apparent digestibility in Senegal sole (Gilannejad et al. 2019). In addition, a change in the feeding time not only significantly affects the digestion and metabolism of aquatic organisms but also significantly influences the growth of sea urchins. Heflin and Watts (2016) used five different feeding times to feed sea urchins for 62 days and observed that weight gain in those fed continuously was significantly higher than that in animals fed every other day. Xu et al. (2022) observed that feeding time influences the composition of the intestinal flora of Chinese mitten crabs. In addition, to explore the effect of feeding rhythm on immunity regulation in crustaceans, Wang et al. altered the feeding strategy and proposed a strategy that could reduce Penaeus vannamei mortality under sub-lethal ammonia stress conditions, which improved their ammonia stress tolerance (Wang et al. 2022).
Echinochrome Exhibits Antitumor Activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Although many synthetic anticancer substances are utilized in the treatment of malignancy, the side effects and the emergence of synthetic drug-resistant cancer cells limit their utilization (5). Certain chemotherapeutic agents as 5-Fluorouracil subject cells to oxidative stress, promoting adverse effects (6). Therefore, an examination of new anticancer agents from natural sources with fewer side effects has been strongly required. Marine creatures are a great source of biologically active natural products (7). There are many significant data on new anti-microbial agents from the sea urchin (Phylum Echinodermata, class Echinoidea), which give in an icebox on the bioactive compounds inside it (8). The sea urchin has several unique substances, such as quinonoid pigments named spinochromes (9). From these compounds, Echinochrome (Ech) is the darkest red pigment of sea urchin shells, spines and eggs (10). Ech is a water-insoluble substance that has antioxidant activity and is the active gradient in the Histochrome drug (11). It can improve mitochondrial function in the heart and therapeutic potential against the cardio-toxic agent (11,12). Also, many recent studies revealed the anti-oxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Ech (13–15). Thus, the present study aimed to assess the anticancer and antioxidant activities of Echinochrome against the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor model in female Swiss albino mice.
Responses to iron oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in echinoderm embryos and microalgae: uptake, growth, morphology, and transcriptomic analysis
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Anne-Marie Genevière, Evelyne Derelle, Marie-Line Escande, Nigel Grimsley, Christophe Klopp, Christine Ménager, Aude Michel, Hervé Moreau
Sea urchin P. lividus fertilized eggs were obtained as described in Hanssen et al. (2012). Briefly, adults (about 7 cm in diameter) were collected in the Mediterranean Sea (Banyuls-sur-mer, France) and reared until use in filtered running sea water. Spawning was induced by intracoelomic injection of 0.2 M acetylcholine. Eggs were collected in NFSW, filtered through a 100 µm nylon sieve and washed three times with NFSW. For fertilization, sperm was diluted 105 fold in a 5% (v/v) egg suspension in NFSW. Only batches with at least 95% fertilized eggs were further used. One minute after fertilization, 500 µL of eggs (700 eggs/mL) were transferred to a 24-wells plate containing 500 µL of nanomaterial or metal ion solutions at different concentrations. Final concentrations ranged from 5 × 10−7 to 5 × 10−5 mol/L (from 2.8 × 10−5 to 2.8 × 10−3 g/L [Fe] and 3.2 × 10−5 to 3.2 × 10−3 g/L [Zn], 40 µg/L Fe2O3 or ZnO). The treatments were applied post fertilization (p.f.) to avoid a possible interference with the fertilization process (Tualla and Bitacura 2016). Each concentration was tested twice per plate and NFSW were used as a control. All experiments were performed at 18 °C. The number of dividing cells was recorded after 80 min (when 100% of control cells was divided) and eggs were observed regularly with an inverted microscope (40× magnification) till the pluteus stage (48 h). Each experiment was run in triplicate.