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Hepatoprotective Marine Phytochemicals
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
BR Annapoorna, S Vasudevan, K Sindhu, V Vani, V Nivya, VP Venkateish, P Madan Kumar
Kelman et al. (2009) studied the effect of fucoxanthin using obese/diabetic models (also a model for liver disease) and demonstrated the antioxidant activity of fucoxathin. The hepatoprotective effect of echinochrome, a marine pigment isolated from sea urchins, was tested in a sepsis-induced liver damage model. The study showed echinochrome treatment significantly improved liver function and liver architecture (Mohamed et al. 2019). A PPC isolated from marine algae Chlorella vulgaris showed hepatoprotective effect in CCl4-induced rats. The results demonstrated PPC treatment normalized liver enzyme levels that were upregulated by CCl4 induction (Cai et al. 2017). Scytonemin, another marine pigment isolated from cyanobacteria, inhibited cell cycle regulatory kinases with a potential for curing hyper-proliferative disorders (Stevenson et al. 2002).
Marine Natural Products for Human Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Fuscoside, an anti-inflammatory marine natural product isolated from the Caribbean gorgonian (Eunicea fusca) [132], significantly inhibited PMA (phorbol myristate acetate) induced edema inmouse ears at levels comparable to indomethacin. Scytonemin is a sheath pigment from cyanobacteria [232] that has been patented as an anti-inflammatory agent. In some systemic assays, it was effective than topsentin although its mechanism of action is not still known. It is one of the most potent inhibitors of neurogenic inflammation and can be used for treating burns.
Natural Products and Stem Cells and Their Commercial Aspects in Cosmetics
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Sonia Trehan, Rose Soskind, Jemima Moraes, Vinam Puri, Bozena Michniak-Kohn
Several marine organisms, primarily those that undergo photosynthesis, produce natural sunscreen compounds that provide protection by absorbing UV rays. Scytonemin is a pigment found in the extracellular sheath of some cyanobacteria (Rastogi et al., 2015). Another UV-absorbing compound is mycosporine-like amino acids (Derikvand et al., 2017).
Exposure to artificial daylight or UV irradiation (A, B or C) prior to chemical cleaning: an effective combination for removing phototrophs from granite
Published in Biofouling, 2018
J. Santiago Pozo-Antonio, Patricia Sanmartín
After the chemical treatment, none of the cleaning treatments totally removed the biofilm from the stone surfaces, as confirmed by stereomicroscopy, SEM and FTIR. It was demonstrated that the UV-B and UV-C irradiation treatments removed more of the biofilm than those with daylight or UV-A irradiation, as few amounts of biological remains were found on the former. Indeed, the results obtained by colour spectrophotometry and chlorophyll fluorescence were not consistent with these findings. The spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the colour of the cleaned surfaces was very different from the initial colour of the naturally colonized surfaces, mainly due to increases in the lightness and b* parameters. As the different techniques revealed scarcer amounts of biological remains on the samples cleaned after exposure to UV-B than on the samples exposed to daylight and UV-A irradiation, the ΔE*ab value for the sample exposed to UV-B would be expected to be higher than the corresponding values for surfaces cleaned after exposure to daylight and UV-A irradiation. The cleaning action of benzalkonium chloride was less effective in the samples exposed to UV-B light, possibly due to greater adhesion of phototrophic organisms to the substratum or to an increase in hydrophobicity on the remaining biological film that impedes the removal of organisms with the water-based chemical product. In cyanobacteria such as the genus Nostoc, it has been found that an increase in UV-B irradiation stimulates EPS production in a response that enhances the effectiveness of mycosporine-like amino acids and scytonemin and protects the cyanobacterium from UV-B damage (Ehling-Shulz et al. 1997). Increased production of EPS leads to stronger adhesion/adherence of the microorganisms to the substratum. In algae, increased UV-B irradiation was found to be responsible for a significant decrease in the contents of lipids and water-soluble antioxidants (Estevez et al. 2001), which would favour hydrophobicity. UV-B is also known to enhance the production of polysaccharide compounds in the algal species Cryptomonas sp., Nitzschia palea and Synechococcus elongatus (Arts and Rai 1997) and the maintenance of newly synthesized protein and inhibition of protein and fatty acid degradation in Chlorella sp. (Poong et al. 2018).