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Hospital Systems
Published in Salvatore Volpe, Health Informatics, 2022
SMART Health IT is an open, standards based technology platform that enables innovators to create apps that seamlessly and securely run across the healthcare system. Using an electronic health record (EHR) system or data warehouse that supports the SMART standard, patients, doctors, and healthcare practitioners can draw on this library of apps to improve clinical care, research, and public health.
Introduction to Bioresponsive Polymers
Published in Deepa H. Patel, Bioresponsive Polymers, 2020
Deepa H. Patel, Drashti Pathak, Neelang Trivedi
In the last decade, the area of drug delivery has concentrated on two criteria: (1) controlling the release of a therapeutic agent; and (2) targeting of the therapeutic agent to a specific target site. These research accomplishments have focused mostly on the development of novel biodegradable polymers and target moiety-labeled drug delivery carriers. The latest interests in biomaterials that act in response to their environment have opened new systems to activate the release of drugs and localize the drug within a target site. These modern biomaterials, generally termed “smart” or “intelligent,” are proficient to deliver a therapeutic agent based on either environmental signals or a remote stimulus. Bioresponsive materials could potentially elicit a therapeutically effective dose without any side effects. Responding of polymers to different stimuli, such as pH, light, temperature, ultrasound, magnetism, or biomolecules have been explored as potential drug delivery vehicles. This chapter describes the most recent advances in “smart” drug delivery systems that respond to one or multiple stimuli [1].
Introduction
Published in Anastasios A. Tsiatis, Marie Davidian, Shannon T. Holloway, Eric B. Laber, Dynamic Treatment Regimes, 2019
Anastasios A. Tsiatis, Marie Davidian, Shannon T. Holloway, Eric B. Laber
These considerations have led to great interest in the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design (e.g., Lavori and Dawson, 2004; Murphy, 2005). Given a set of K > 1 decision points, in a SMART, participants are randomized repeatedly to the available, feasible options at each decision point. Accordingly, discussion of methodology for dynamic treatment regimes of necessity must include a discussion of this study design, which is the topic of Chapter 9. In Chapters 5 and 6, a formal statistical framework for multiple decision problems is presented in which the conditions under which observed data are appropriate for estimation of dynamic treatment regimes can be clarified. This framework demonstrates that the SMART design yields a “gold standard” data source for this purpose.
Molecular cloning, characterization of dax1 gene and its response to progesterone in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2019
Weiran Huo, Ruyan Wan, Peijin Wang, Linxia Zhang, Xiaohua Xia
The full-length cDNA sequence of dax1 was assembled by finding the overlapping region of each fragment. The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence were compared with other sequences reported in NCBI’s GenBank using the BLAST program (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/). A multiple alignment of dax1 was performed by Clustal Omega (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/). The potential protein domain of amino acid sequence was predicted via SMART server (http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/). A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Poisson model based upon Neighbor-Joining method with the software of Molecular Evolution Genetics Analyses (MEGA) version 6.0 (http://www.megasoftware.net). The evolutionary distance between DAX1 sequences was calculated using p-distance and gaps were removed by pair-wise detection, using default parameters. To evaluate the tree topologic stability, 1000 bootstraps were made.
Comparison of SMART and WHIM as measurement tools in routine assessment of PDOC patients
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Aisling McAleese, Colin F. Wilson, Margaret McEvoy, Sheena Caldwell
There are of course, pros and cons of each measurement tool. Both are standardised with evidence of validity and reliability. Both measures have the capability to track and monitor observable progress across time and both are guideline recommended for diagnostic assessment. In addition to an assessment tool, SMART also provides potentially useful information to inform treatment, which is not included in WHIM. Their primary differences lie in relation to the staff-patient resourcing needs of the SMART. The time required for assessor training, extensive administration and scoring are significantly greater to that of the WHIM. In this paper, whilst exploring both measures, the authors do not wish to infer preference nor suggest than one measure has greater utility or efficacy within this patient population. The use and choice of each measure will naturally depend on the diagnostic and/or clinical reasons for their selection. Finally, this retrospective analysis of the use of these measures in routine clinical practice seeks to compare and contrast WHIM and SMART data.
SMART – Recognising the value of existing practice and introducing recent developments: leaving no stone unturned in the assessment and treatment of the PDOC patient
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
H. Gill-Thwaites, K. E. Elliott, R. Munday
There is a need to reflect current research and clinical guidelines in order to keep assessments current. Both WHIM and SMART are currently under review to ensure they are fit for purpose and practice. The developments of SMART are outlined to illustrate this. Any proposed changes will be peer-reviewed by experts in the field and accredited assessors. Confirmed changes are circulated to accredited assessors with updates and refresher courses to disseminate new processes and documentation. For example, specialist speech and language therapists will be consulted on the language component regarding both the type and length of instructions provided during the SMART techniques, to ensure the patient’s full potential is captured.