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Principles of Antibiotic Stewardship in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
If the above situations are eliminated, then the liquid stool in the setting of otherwise-unexplained new onset of acute watery diarrhea should be sent for C. difficile testing. In the absence of abdominal findings of colitis, a positive test is diagnostic of CDD. C. difficile colitis (CDC) may complicate/follow CDD or may present only with colitis. CDC may be diagnosed by positive C. difficile stool test, and may present with new abdominal pain/tender, usually fever >102°F, leukocytosis, and pancolitis on abdominal CT scan. CDC may have a diarrheal component, but usually, there is no diarrhea with de novo CDC or new cases preceded by CDD. Another clinical clue to the development of CDC in the setting of CDD is the abrupt cessation of CDD and, in addition, now fever and abdominal pain.
Hand-Foot Reactions
Published in Gabriella Fabbrocini, Mario E. Lacouture, Antonella Tosti, Dermatologic Reactions to Cancer Therapies, 2019
Mathew R. Birnbaum, Loren G. Franco, Beth N. McLellan
Research has also implicated certain genetic polymorphisms with increased rates and severity of HFS. Cytidine deaminase (CDD) gene is a gene that encodes cytidine deaminase, an enzyme involved in the purine salvage pathway. Cytidine deaminase participates in converting the prodrug capecitabine into 5-FU. Genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of CDD that presumably lead to more rapid metabolism of capecitabine into 5-FU have been associated with higher rates of HFS (15). Similarly, polymorphisms in genes related to DNA synthesis and folate levels, like methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), have been associated with the development of HFS (16).
Autistic spectrum disorders
Published in Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize, Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) is used by mental health and educational professionals to diagnose and characterize mental and behavioral conditions. In 2013, the APA released the fifth edition of its manual (DSM–5, 2013), which included important and major changes to the criteria used to diagnose autism spectrum disorders. Under the previous criteria published by the APA (DSM–IV–TR, 2000), autism was classified as one of the pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Other classifications for PDD were Asperger’s disorder (AD), Rett’s disorder (RD), childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Because of difficulties with a definitive diagnosis for each subtype of PDD, as well as there being no overwhelming support for the uniqueness of subtypes, many scientists and clinicians advocated for the use of the term autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) to describe the variety of symptoms found in these children (Reid & Collier, 2002). Moreover, researchers found that different clinics, treatment centers, and diagnosticians used these four diagnoses differently.
Metabolic cooperativity between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Lin Xin Kin, Catherine A. Butler, Nada Slakeski, Brigitte Hoffmann, Stuart G. Dashper, Eric C. Reynolds
The P. gingivalis W83 annotated genome sequence (Accession number: NC_002950.2) was sourced from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Amino acid sequences annotated as proteases were examined via the BLASTp suite and Conserved Domain Database (CDD) to identify predicted protein homologs and their conserved domains [32,33]. The MEROPS Peptidase Database Release 12.0 was used as the primary resource for compilation of P. gingivalis W83 proteases [34,35]. PSORTb and SignalP were employed for the prediction of protein cellular localization, signal peptide, and transmembrane topology [36–38].
Identification, characterization, and molecular phylogeny of scorpion enolase (Androctonus crassicauda and Hemiscorpius lepturus)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Elham Pondehnezhadan, Atefeh Chamani, Fatemeh Salabi, Reihaneh Soleimani
Deep sequencing of the venom gland transcriptome of A. crassicauda and H. lepturus was performed using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform by generating 67 551 639 unpaired reads. Post-sequence quality control of sequencing reads using FastQC is reported in Additional file 1. After trimming raw reads to remove adaptors, ambiguous reads, and low-quality reads, the clean and high-quality sequenced data were assembled. The species of scorpions lacked an available reference genome sequence; therefore, de novo assembly of the Illumina reads was carried out using Trinity v0.2 software. Two transcriptomes were assembled from RNA-seq data derived from cDNA libraries corresponding to A. crassicauda and H. lepturus for gene identification purposes. Moreover, a transcriptome was assembled from RNA sequences of two scorpion species to enable quantitative analysis of gene expression levels. Putative enolase sequences of the A. crassicauda and H. lepturus scorpions were identified in the de novo reference transcriptomes of these species using blast searches against the manually reviewed proteins from the UniProt database. To remove the unrelated sequences from enolase data sets, the similarity searches against the NCBI-CDD and pfam databases were done using the motif searches server. The result indicated that the obtained sequences belonged to the enolase superfamily (Figure S1). In addition, we used the GhostKOALA webserver to annotate and functional characterization of enolase data sets. Enolase data set taxonomic analysis and functional categories results showed that almost all sequences belonged to the arthropod phylum and 57% of the entries were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and 36% in environmental information processing (Figure S1).
Detecting novel mutations and combined Klinefelter syndrome in Usher syndrome cases
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Xiaohong Li, Shasha Huang, Yongyi Yuan, Yu Lu, Dejun Zhang, Xiaobin Wang, Huijun Yuan, Weiju Han, Pu Dai
Considering amino acid changes within different protein domains using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Conserved Domain Database, three- dimensional models of the human wild-type and mutant type were constructed with the program SWISS-MODEL (http://swissmodel.expasy.org).