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Hormonal Effects on Fascia in Women
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
Angeli Maun Akey, Kathleen O’Neil-Smith
In one study, an examination of fascia collected from the leg, abdomen, and thigh of women participants revealed that all examined fibroblasts contained the relaxin receptor 1 (RXFP1) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), with a lower expression in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women.4 It also demonstrated that all fibroblasts from different parts of the muscular fascia expressed sex hormone receptors.4 Fibroblasts are a key component of fascia throughout the body.3
The Role of Relaxin in Uterine Function
Published in Gabor Huszar, The Physiology and Biochemistry of the Uterus in Pregnancy and Labor, 2020
Relaxin has been shown to bind specifically to rat, pig, and mouse uterus and to rat, guinea pig, and pig cervix.4,5,13,15,30,33 Biphasic Scatchard plots characterized the binding. In the rat and pig myometrium, E treatment increased receptor levels.13,15 Similarly, relaxin receptor levels were high at proestrus and estrus and nondetectable for the rest of the cycle in the rat.15 In rat pregnancy the myometrial receptor levels began to rise at about 15 days, peaked at 17 days, and declined thereafter.15 This phenomenon was not due entirely to occupation of relaxin receptors with the increasing quantity of relaxin available at this time, but instead may represent a down-regulation by relaxin of its receptor.15
Modulation of neuromuscular synapses and contraction in Drosophila 3rd instar larvae
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2018
Kiel G. Ormerod, JaeHwan Jung, A. Joffre Mercier
Drosophila genes encode eight Dilps, which play roles in life span, reproduction, development, organ growth, diapause and metabolism (Garelli et al., 2015; Nässel & Winther, 2010). Dilps 1–7 act through one receptor, DInr, and Dilp 8 acts through the neuronal relaxin receptor, Lgr3 (Brogiolo et al., 2001; Garelli et al., 2015). In larvae, Dilps 2, 3 and 5 are expressed in cells projecting to neurohemal areas, Dilp 7 is expressed in the abodominal nerve cord, and GFP-labeled Dilp 2 can be released from terminals of motor axons (Brogiolo et al., 2001; Wong et al., 2012). Dilps are present in axon terminals on muscle 12 and DInr is expressed in the muscle fibers (Gorczyca et al., 1993), but no modulatory effects of Dilps on larval synapses have been reported. In adults, diet-induced increases in insulin signaling increase expression of the synaptic protein, Complexin, which, in turn, reduces transmitter release from motor neurons onto CM9 muscles of the proboscis (Mahoney, Azpurua, & Eaton, 2016). Investigating similar effects in larvae might be fruitful.