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Scheme for Investigating Cases of Death due to Burns
Published in Paul T. Jayaprakash, Crime Scene Investigation and Reconstruction, 2023
It would be relevant here to mention the motionless quiescence recognized in the Buddhist Burning Monk in the year 1963 as being an exceptional instance of lack of mobility possibly due to the effect of meditation (Manno, 2019). The degree of mental stubbornness seen among individuals submitting themselves for suicidal missions such as performing as human bombs or as pilots operating airplanes on suicidal crashes may not be comparable with the mental state of vexatious female individuals resorting to commit suicide by burning themselves. As field investigators, the SOCOs may note that there is a general consensus that burn victims are remarkably mobile when they are alive (Shkrum and Ramsay, 2007; Eckert, 1981; Alarie, 2002) and behave in an irrational, irresponsible, and disoriented manner (Alarie, 2002; Rutty, 2003) leaving behind trace evidence and burn patterns as they move about which greatly aid crime scene reconstruction. In the light of the aforementioned observations, antemortem and perimortem injuries, both external and internal, in burn victims need to be interpreted by including the possibility of the victim impacting or banging with surrounding objects during the disoriented movement prior to collapse and fall. Mobility of a burning victim can be diagnosed either by a study of patterns indicating evidence of localized burning in locations unrelated to the site where the dead body is seen or by the incommensurability between the pattern of burn evidence on the dead body, the clothing, and the immediate surroundings.
Complications of open reconstruction for aneurysmal and occlusive diseases of aortic arch vessels
Published in Sachinder Singh Hans, Mark F. Conrad, Vascular and Endovascular Complications, 2021
Srihari Lella, Samuel Schwartz
Special mention must be made of Takayasu's arteritis (TA). TA is a large-vessel arteritis that tends to involve the aorta and/or its branch vessels. In the acute stage, the arterial walls can get disrupted with degeneration of the media and subsequent aneurysm formation. With more chronic inflammation, the arterial walls become thickened and fibrosed, leading to stenosis with thrombosis.1 Generally steroid/immunosuppressive therapy is provided during the acute inflammatory phase. Surgery is predominantly performed during a state of quiescence.
Mucous membrane pemphigoid
Published in Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma, Dermatological Emergencies, 2019
Dipankar De, Sheetanshu Kumar, Sanjeev Handa
The disease often follows a chronic progressive course. Periods of activity are interspersed with periods of quiescence. Rarely, cases go into spontaneous remission, predominantly those with disease localized to the oral cavity alone [54–56]. No definite criteria are currently accepted to predict the disease course. However, recent studies have evaluated the role of lesional neutrophils in ocular MMP as biomarkers of disease activity [46].
Future prospects in the tissue engineering of heart valves: a focus on the role of stem cells
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2023
Benjamin J Albert, Jonathan T Butcher
VICs are generally considered to exist in several distinct phenotypes: embryonic progenitor cells, progenitor VICs, quiescent VICs, activated VICs, and osteoblastic VICs [58,64]. Embryonic progenitor cells, in the early stages of development, exist in the cardiac cushions that gives rise to heart valves [65]. These cells undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition to move into the matrix and become active VICs [66,67]. Quiescent VICs are responsible for maintaining the ECM of the valve and are generally defined by vimentin expression and a lack of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) [68]. If the valve undergoes a change in hemodynamics, stress, or becomes injured quiescent VICs may become activated to remodel the valve. This creates a population of myofibroblastic, αSMA+ VICs that attempt to adjust to the new valve conditions by producing additional ECM proteins. Osteoblastic VICs can derive from these activated VICs with damage to the endothelium and immune response [55]. This phenotype often expresses Runx2 and secretes alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Local populations of osteoblastic cells can lead to the formation of the calcific lesions that mark calcific valve disease [69,70]. Healthy quiescence in VICs is mediated by the VEC layers on the exterior of the fibrosa and the ventricularis/atrialis of the valves [55].
Discriminating between sleep and exercise-induced fatigue using computer vision and behavioral genetics
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2020
Kelsey N. Schuch, Lakshmi Narasimhan Govindarajan, Yuliang Guo, Saba N. Baskoylu, Sarah Kim, Benjamin Kimia, Thomas Serre, Anne C. Hart
C. elegans locomotory behavior after prolonged swimming has not been thoroughly studied. Previous studies were limited by reliance on manual annotation, which hinders research depth, or by reliance on constrictive microfluidic devices, which may induce mechanical stress (Ghosh & Emmons, 2008; Gonzales, Zhou, Fan, & Robinson, 2019). Using both of our new systems, we can provide a detailed analysis of how C. elegans locomotory behaviors change after prolonged swimming. When comparing wild type and egl-4 mutant animals, differences were found in multiple parameters, including wave initiation rate at early and late time points. Interestingly, there were also differences in which locomotion parameters changed over time between wild type and mutant animals. For example, curling activity and stretch were found to change over time in wild type animals, but not in egl-4 mutant animals. In future studies of C. elegans fatigue, parameters like wave initiation rate and brush stroke will likely provide information about how vigorously an animal swims and can be used to track decreased muscle output after prolonged swimming exercise. We note that quiescence levels can vary across experiments, even in wild type animals. This may be caused by differences in ambient conditions during rearing (e.g. humidity levels, vibration). Here, all experimental groups in a trial were reared in tandem to control for these differences.
Research progress on therapeutic targeting of quiescent cancer cells
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Jinhua Zhang, Jing Si, Lu Gan, Cuixia Di, Yi Xie, Chao Sun, Hongyan Li, Menghuan Guo, Hong Zhang
Quiescence is defined as a reversible cellular state from which the cells are able to re-enter the proliferative cycle in response to certain promitogenic factors, including cell-extrinsic environmental signals (e.g. injury or tumor acidification) and cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms [1,2]. Scientific literature to date supports the existence of quiescent cancer cells in many tumor types, including breast, liver and pancreatic cancer, acute myeloid leukaemia, melanoma, and glioblastoma [3,4]. In earlier studies, cells were induced to quiescence via serum starvation (whereby cells at low density were grown in serum-free medium) or contact inhibition (cells were grown in 10% serum until complete confluence) [5–7]. Quiescent cells were confirmed based on the lack of expression of Ki67 (a cell proliferation marker), negative EDU incorporation [7] or low rate of BrdU incorporation [3], and low Erk 1/2: p38 MAPK ratio [6–8]. Moreover, mVenus-p27K−, a fusion protein composed of the fluorescent protein mVenus and a defective mutant of p27 combined with Fucci probe could effectively recognize and distinguish cells at G0 from those at G1 during the G0-G1 transition state [9,10].