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Digital Earth: A World Infrastructure for Sustaining Resilience in Complex Pandemic Scenarios
Published in Abbas Rajabifard, Greg Foliente, Daniel Paez, COVID-19 Pandemic, Geospatial Information, and Community Resilience, 2021
As a global scientific project, Digital Earth sits on a seamless multi-scaled continuum with other big-science initiatives including the Physiome project [6] to model our physiology for drug discovery and testing, and its predecessor the Human Genome project to functional and physically map our genes. These mathematical models provide insight into the dynamic complex adaptive systems that we have evolved into and become part of.
Cardiovascular Health Informatics Computing Powered by Unobtrusive Sensing Computing, Medical Image Computing, and Information Fusion Analysis
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Analysis, 2018
Chengjin Yu, Xiuquan Du, Yanping Zhang, Heye Zhang
One particularly great collaboration should be emphasized here, the Cardiac Physiome Project. With an international contribution, this project has made a great progress in developing a multi-physics model, which has the coupling of metabolic, electrophysiological, and biomechanical processes, for integrating the cardiac structure-function relations at multi-scale across from cell, tissue, to organ levels as shown in Figure 7.8. In this project, the biomodel-based coupling approaches have been intensely used for combining cardiac continuum tissue mechanics with electrophysiology, ventricular blood flow, and coronary hemodynamics in a meaningful physiological sense [117]. Another similar multi-scale framework is the Virtual Physiological Rat Project, which develops a multi-model platform with a coupling of metabolic and electrophysiological processes [118].
Experimental models and measurements to study cardiovascular physiology
Published in Neil Herring, David J. Paterson, Levick's Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology, 2018
Neil Herring, David J. Paterson
Computer modelling is a powerful tool that is becoming increasingly used in cardiovascular physiolog y. It was pioneered by among others Hodgkin and Huxley, who mathematically modelled the neuronal action potential based on experimental observations using the voltage clamp on the giant squid axon in 1952. The approach was taken further by Denis Noble (1960), who used a similar approach to model cardiac action potentials. Later, Noble together with others including Peter Hunter, modelled more complex electrophysiological, biochemical and mechanical properties of the heart. There is currently an international programme of research collaborations known as the Physiome project, the aim of which is to provide a comprehensive framework for modelling the human body using computational methods that can incorporate the biochemistry, biophysics and anatomy of cells, tissues and organs (Hunter and Borg, 2003).
An in silico rat liver atlas
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Harvey Ho, Uta Dahmen, Peter Hunter
Rat livers are frequently used as the animal models for investigating liver functions (Meyer et al. 2017), hepatobiliary surgical techniques (Madrahimov et al. 2006; Sänger et al. 2015), biliary functions (Babbey et al. 2012) and drug transport (Kusuhara and Sugiyama 2010). Many of these studies require an accurate understanding of the rat liver anatomy, including its lobular and vascular structures. 3D geometric representations of hepatic structures have been created using 3D triangulated mesh, volume rendering, and so on (Sänger et al. 2015; Xie et al. 2016). In this work, we use a mathematically described parametric cubic Hermite mesh to represent hepatic structures, and to construct an in silico rat liver atlas based on it. This type of mesh lends itself to many potential physiological simulations because the basis functions of the geometric mesh are the same as that used in finite element analysis (Bradley et al. 1997), thus facilitates the interpolation of physical and/or physiological properties embedded in the mesh. In addition, since the parametric mesh contains only a small number of nodes and elements, it assists mesh morphing from one subject to another with a consistent topology, and hence help the statistical shape analysis (Yu et al. 2018). More importantly, we aim to provide an in silico rat model to the modelling community that is compatible with the rationale of Physiome (Hunter and Borg 2003) and its computational tools (Christie et al. 2009; Garny and Hunter 2015).
A visible human body slice segmentation method framework based on OneCut and adjacent image geometric features
Published in Computer Assisted Surgery, 2019
Bin Liu, Simei Li, Jingyi Zhang, Qianwen Wu, Liang Yang, Wen Qi, Sijie Guan, Shuo Zhang, Jianxin Zhang
Visible Human Project (VHP) was established by National Institutes of Health (NIH) in USA. In the twenty-first century, research on Visible Human Project has many significances. For example, we can utilize the models of VHP organs to simulate the surgery process; we can test a new drug for an organ based on the suitable physical properties. Based on this, the Virtual Human Project and Human Physiome Project can be realized. Although USA, Korea and China have completed the collection of the very large-scale VHP image data set and thousands of human body slices have been obtained, how to extract the regions of interest (human organs) in the slice images has still been an important challenge [1–3]. The accuracy and efficiency are two worth exploring issues.